Persia and Greece SOL Review #4

Part 1: Persia Empire Map (500 BC – 300 BC)

Part 1: Persia The Persian Empire showed ________________ of the people they conquered. TOLERANCE 2. Define: Tolerance   RESPECT OF CONQUERED PEOPLES RELIGION AND CUSTOMS 3. Cyrus the Great developed an imperial bureaucracy in order to government his __________. EMPIRE

Part 1: Persia 4. The Persians constructed a ________ system in order to connect their vast empire. ROAD (ROYAL ROAD) 5. The religion of Persia was _________________ , which believed in two opposing forces in the universe. ZOROASTRIANISM

PERSIAN EMPIRE ROYAL ROAD

Part 2: Greece (800 BC – 300 BC)

Part 2: Greece (800 BC – 300 BC) 1. What terrain helped and hindered city-state development? MOUNTAINS 2. Due to limited arable ____________, Greeks looked to the _________ for their livelihood. LAND SEA 3. First major civilization to switch from barter to money ( ______ economy) USE OF COIN

Part 2: Greece 4. All Greek city-states had ________________, although selling oneself into it was eventually outlawed in Athens. SLAVERY 5. Greeks were _______________________ in their religious beliefs. POLYTHEISTIC 6. What did the Greeks use religion to explain? a. To explain NATURE b. To explain HUMANS (WHY THEY GET UPSET) c. To obtain certain benefits in the present.

Part 2: Greece 7. Who was king of the Greek gods? ZEUS 8. Who was queen of the Greek gods and the goddess of marriage? HERA 9. Who was the goddess of wisdom? ATHENA

Part 2: Greece 10. Who was the god of music? APOLLO 11. Who was the goddess of the hunt? ARTEMIS 12. Who was the goddess of love? APHRODITE

Part 2: Greece 13. Citizens (_____________ adult ____________) had political rights and the responsibility of civic participation. ____________ & ________________ had no political rights. FREE ADULT MALES WOMEN & SLAVES

Part 2: Greece 14. Athens was ruled by a _________________ (king), _____________ (elite), ___________ (ruler who takes power by force), then a _________ (people rule). - MONARCHY - ARISTOCRACY - TYRANT (TYRANNY) - REPUBLIC (DEMOCRACY)

Part 2: Greece 15. Which tyrant created Athens’ first written code of law? Today we call a harsh law __________________. DRACO DRACONIAN 16. Which tyrant banned selling oneself into slavery to pay off a debt? SOLON

Part 2: Greece 17. A ________________________ is a government by the people. DEMOCRACY 18. A __________________ democracy is when all citizens participate directly in making decisions. DIRECT 19. The United States today uses a _______________ Democracy in which citizens elect representatives to govern for them. REPRESENTATIVE

Part 2: Greece 20. In order to control the large slave population what did the Spartans create? STRONG MILITARY STATE 21. A government run by a small group of people, like in Sparta, is called an _____________________. OLIGARCHY 22. Sparta created a rigid social structure in their city-state. At the top were the _____________, who had all political power. At the bottom were the _____________, or slaves. CITIZENS HELOTS

Part 2: Greece 23. The Persian Wars (499-449 B.C.) a. Persian wars united ATHENS and SPARTA against the Persian Empire. b. Athenian victories over the Persians at MARATHON and SALAMIS left Greeks in control of the Aegean Sea. c. ATHENS preserved its independence and continued innovations in government and culture.

Part 2: Greece 24. The Peloponnesian War (431-404 B.C.) - Caused in part by competition for control of the Greek world- ATHENS and the Delian League v. SPARTA and the Peloponnesian League. - Resulted in the slowing of CULTURAL advance and the weakening of POLTICAL power.

Part 2: Greece 25. Golden Age of Pericles in Athens (mostly occurring between the Persian and the Peloponnesian Wars) a. Pericles extended DEMOCRACY; most adult males had equal voice. b. Pericles had ATHENS rebuilt after destruction in Persian Wars; the PARTHENON (built for the goddess Athena) is an example of this reconstruction.

The Parthenon (Athena)

Part 2: Greece 26. Contributions of Greek culture to Western civilization a. DRAMA: Aeschylus, Sophocles b Poetry: HOMER (Iliad and Odyssey) c. HISTORY: Herodotus, Thucydides d. SCULPTURE: Phidias

Part 2: Greece 26. Contributions of Greek culture to Western civilization e. Architecture: Types of columns included DORIC (Parthenon), IONIAN, and CORINTHIAN. f. SCIENCE: Archimedes, Hippocrates g. MATHEMATICS: Euclid, Pythagoras h. PHILOSOPHY: Socrates, Plato, Aristotle

Part 2: Greece The _____________ conquest of Greece followed the weakening of Greek during the Peloponnesian Wars. MACEDONIAN 28. _____________ the Great adopted Greek culture and spread Hellenistic influences throughout his vast empire. ALEXANDER _________ II, King of Macedon, conquered most of ____________. PHILLIP GREECE

Macedonia & Greece

Part 2: Greece 30. Alexander the Great established an empire from Greece to_________ in the south and the margins of ________. He also extended ___________ cultural influence throughout his empire. EGYPT INDIA GREEK

Part 2: Greece – ALEXANDER THE GREAT

Part 2: Greece 31. The Hellenistic Age under Alexander the Great was a blend of ____________ and oriental elements. He took the best of all the cultures he conquered with Greek culture and spread it throughout his empire. GREEK

HOMEWORK MATCHING 5, 8 (PERSIA & GREECE) WORKSHEETS