Chapter 26: South and Southeast Asia after 1200 By Dylan Ly Jackie Orman Alex Denley

N: Walking Buddha D: N/A P/S: 14 th century A: N/A M/T: Bronze F: The Buddha encourages people to come forward in reverence C: Sukhothai, Thailand DT: Body is soft and elastic. Right arm hangs loosely. Broad shoulders and a narrow waist. Wear a clinging monks robe Ideas: Artist intended the body type to suggest a supernatural being and to press the Buddha’s beauty and perfection N: Schwedagon Pagoda D: N/A P/S: 14 th century A: N/A M/T: Gold, silver, and jewels encrusting the surface F: C: Enormous complex of buildings including Buddha shrines DT: Houses 2 of the Buddha’s heirs. 344 feet high plates of gold. Gold ball at the top inlaid witth 4351 diamonds. One is 76 karats. Ideas: 2 hers brought to Myanmar by the merchants who received them from the Buddha himself. Great wealth was a gift to Buddha from the laypeople of Myanmar to produce merit. Significant Works of Art

N: Dish with two Mynah birds on a flowering branch D: N/A P/S: 16 th century A: N/A M/T: Stoneware painted with underglaze cobalt F: made Vietnamese pottery attractive to a wide export market C: Pacific Asia Museum DT: Spontaneity of the depiction of Mynah birds on this dish contrast with the formal Chinese porcelains. Curing and looped lines Ideas: Artist suggested foliage. The technique facilitated rapid production

Islam moved quickly after the death of Mohammed westward into Africa and into Central Asia. As early as the seventh century Islam was being brought by Muslim Merchants. In the 12th century Turkic invasions to overtake northern India were successful and Islam was imposed there. The architecture of India is based mainly around the religion. There are many Hindu temples, Buddhist temples, and Muslim Mosques. The architecture was different in design from the architecture of the West in that India's architecture was more pointed, and had a more oval shaped dome. The Mughal Empire brought a greater focus to art than was previously seen in India. The emperor Akbar the Great sponsored many works of art throughout his reign. Later Emporer Shah Jahan who reigned from AD built the Taj Mahal for his favorite wife. Key Concepts/ Main Ideas

Mughal constructed the Taj Mahal as a tomb for his third wife. Mughal was very interested in art so he kept the imperial panting studio. The imperial painting studio focused on pictures recording important evenets. The events were mainly weddings, court ceremonies and royal hunts. An artistic achievement after Mughal included Devi, Animator of the Universe which portrayed Devi or a Goddess. Some paintings of Vishnu the lover became popular. It related to the realistic setting of Mughal. These paintings portrayed the love between Krishna and Radha. New architecture was created, for example large temples with numerous mandalas which served as independent cities. The Great Temple in Madurai, India was a city sized temple complex built in the 17 th century. The British controlled India in the 16 th century. Indian rulers and citizens adapted to British/western ideas and cultures. They adopted many artistic styles from the West such as the realistic style. The British played a major role in Indian art especially in portraits. The Maharaja Jaswant Singh of Marwar depicts an Indian ruler. This portrait reflects on many of British characteristics because the ruler sits on an ordinary chair, which differs from the flamboyant thrones seen in other Indian portraits. They still kept original features of Indian art such as a curled beard showing fierceness. The Indian artists also learned to record monuments and landscape as the British did.

The oldest Vietnamese ceramics date back to the Han period netween 206 BCE and 220 BCE. During this time the Chinese governed all of Northern Vietnam and the Vietnamese ceramics closely relates to the Chinese underglaze style ceramics. The ceramics signature blue and white colors was adopted by the Vietnamese and stayed with them when they regained their independence from the Chinese. However when Vietnam produced their own style, their art seemed more spontaneous and playful when compared to the perfection and formality of Chinese porcelain. Thailand and Burma art was in direct contact to the influences of Indian traders. During the early 13 th and 14 th centuries the Sukhothai Kingdom had just begun. This was a Buddhist kingdom and the new religion had reflected on figures of Buddha that had many sinuous curves that made limbs seem boneless. The head typically bears a flame, which is believed by the faithful to contain an extra brain cavity. The Buddha's are typically either seated in the half-lotus posture with right hand performing the earth-touching gesture or walking with one foot forward and the right hand raised to the chest. The Walking Buddha is an example of the one foot forward stance. In Burma, a whole complex of buildings are devoted to Buddhism. The Schwedagon Pagoda is filled with shrines and images of Buddha.

Walking Buddha Sukhothai, Thailand, 14 th Century Peplos Kore Athens, Greece 530 BCE Similarities Both are super natural beings Both have significant clothing on (monk’s robe and goddess garments) Both show important features of the face with the Walking Buddha having a narrow nose to emphasize the roundness of the face and the Peplos Kore with the restrained archaic smile Both right hands of the figures are down at the waist and the left hand shows something significant Differences Made out of bronze Fluid stance without muscles or joints imply that it depicts a super natural being Very broad shoulders and slim waist Left hand gestures hand gesture signaling “do not fear” Made of marble 4 different garments reveals that the figure is a goddess, not certain stance What was held in her left hand would have been able to identify the goddess More natural look to female figure Comparative Analysis