Nasals The following slides were made using Daniel Currie Hall’s website at anhall/phonetics/sammy.html.

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Presentation transcript:

Nasals The following slides were made using Daniel Currie Hall’s website at anhall/phonetics/sammy.html

Features: voiced bilabial stop b

Features: voiced bilabial nasal m

Features: voiced alveolar stop d

Features: voiced alveolar nasal n

Features: voiced velar stop g

Features: voiced velar nasal

Features: voiced bilabial nasal m

Features: unvoiced bilabial nasal m o

Features: voiced alveolar nasal n

Features: unvoiced alveolar nasal n o

Features: voiced velar nasal

Features: unvoiced velar nasal o

English: 3 nasals Icelandic: 10 nasals

SHORTLONGUNVOICED BILAB ALV PAL VEL

ng? singer finger hanger anger sting stink

bank bæXk bang bæXg ban bæn /n/ [n][X] Shakespeare´s pronunciation

“n becomes X” “directly followed by g or k” “when”

“phoneme /n/ is realised as allophone [X]” “directly followed by g or k” “when”

bank bæXk bang bæXg ban bæn Modern pronunciation Shakespeare´s pronunciation

“g becomes zero” “directly following ” “when” = “g disappears”

“g disappears after X”

Minimal pairs bank bang ban bæXk bæX bæn g X has become a phoneme

a  b / x __ y How to read a phonological rule what happens where it happens

a  b / x __ y How to read a phonological rule what happens a  b a  Ø Ø  aØ  a “a becomes b” “a disappears” “a appears, a is inserted”

a  b / x __ y How to read a phonological rule where it happens x __ y “between x and y” “in front of x” “following x” __ x x __

g disappearsafter n becomes before k,g

Does this rule always apply ?

sing singer finger hang hanger anger

singer finger hanger anger long England mingle ringing

The Morpheme the smallest unit of semantic meaning the smallest group of phonemes which has meaning

The Morpheme sing sings singer agree disagreeable finger sing sing s sing er agree dis agree able finger

“g disappears following ”

“g disappears following in front of a morpheme boundary”

longer longest younger youngest stronger strongest singer finger hanger anger long England mingle ringing EXCEPTIONS: