MICROFLUIDIC PUMPS TO BE PRESENTED BY UMAR ABDULLAHI ABDULHAMEED MAY,2013

OUTLINE  Introduction  Motivation  Why microfluidic pumps?  Definitions  Types  Applications  Challenges  References

INTRODUCTION  A microfluidic devices was once only used in the domain of inkjet printers and similarly-styled office equipment. Flash forward to today and you will see a microfluidic devices are employed in:  Biotechnology  pharmaceutical  life science etc.  Microfluidic pumps are capable of achieving single digit pL per minute flow rate.

MOTIVATION  The manipulation of fluid in channels with dimensions of tens of micrometers-microfluidic pumping-has emerged as a distinct new field. Microfluidics has a potential to influence subject areas from chemical synthesis and biological analysis to optics and information technology. But the field is still at an early stage of development.  To achieve these manipulations, the use of pump is earnestly needed in order to achieve miniaturization.

Why microfluidic pumps?  Mechanical pumps are not the best solution to overcome the viscous resistance of fluid flow in micro channels.  Large external pumps defies miniaturization  To allow implantation

DEFINATIONS Microfluidics  Microfluidics deals with the behavior, precise control and manipulation of fluids that are geometrically constrained to a small volume typically microlitre,nanolitre picolitreor femtolitre.  Microfluidic is a science that deals with the flow of fluid in a channel of micrometer size. What are microfluidic pumps? Microfluidic pumps are devices that are used to pump or mix fluid in channels of micrometer size in a microfluidic system.

BERNOULLI’S THEOREM The Bernoulli equation is a special statement of the general energy equation Work added to the system is referred to as pump head (h P ) Losses from the system are referred to as head loss (h L ) Pressure (lbf/in 2 ) is a form of work Strictly Mechanical Energy so we get the equation: P 1 + PE 1 + KE 1 + WK = PE 2 + KE 2 + WK FRIC + P 2

BERNOULLI’S Equation Z 1 + (P 1 /  ) + (V 1 2 /2g) = Z 2 + (P 2 /  ) + (V 2 2 /2g) + h P - h L Z : Elevation (ft) P : Pressure (lb/ft 2 )  : Density (lb/ft 3 ) V : Velocity (ft/sec) g : acceleration (32.2 ft/sec 2 ) Z : Elevation (ft) P : Pressure (lb/ft 2 )  : Density (lb/ft 3 ) V : Velocity (ft/sec) g : acceleration (32.2 ft/sec 2 )

Fluidic Design Equations – Bernoulli Again

Piezoelectric microfluidic pumps

Various Piezoelectric Pumps

TYPES OF MICROFLUIDIC PUMP Different microfluidic pumps can be implement using:  Piezoelectric  Electrostatic effect  Thermo-pneumatic effect  Magnetic effect  Electrochemical  Ultrasonic flow generation  Electro-osmotic  Electohydrodynamics principle

Types of microfluidic pumps  Microfluidic pump based on travelling wave  Thermal gradient  Catalytic  Surface tension  Optically actuated pumps  Self-propelling semiconductor diode

Finger-powered pump

Finger –powered pump

FABRICATION OF THE DEVICE

ELECTRO-OSMOIC PUMP The electro osmotic flow is generated in the pump by applying a low voltage across the two electrodes. This may be implemented using a battery or dc power supply unit. For advance flow rate control a PWM power source can be supplied. Provide excellent pumping performance in a miniature package. It also provide smooth flow

ELECTRO-OSMOIC PUMP Ideal for integration into a microfluidic systems to its reduced size and precise control that can be achieved in the low flow range. The working liquid can be deionizer water but it is possible to pump any liquid including aggressive media and cell suspension. Thus it has application in life science. Advantages No pulsation No moving part Small size High power performance. Easy operation

APPLICATIONS Biomedical  Drug delivery  Fluid mixing  Particle manipulation  Administering pharmaceutical products  Lab –on-chip  Implantation  Heart blood pumping implantation

APPLICATIONS  Life science  DNA analysis  Protein analysis  Forensic test  Lineage tracing  Separation of mammalian cell

CHALLENGES Difficult to fabricate due to complex structure Limitation to specific fluid cost

REFERENCES [1] D. D. Carlo and L. P. Lee, “Dynamic Single-Cell Analysis for [2] P. Yager, T. Edwards, E. Fu, K. Helton, K Nelson, M R. Tam, Quantitative Biology”, Anal. Chem., Vol. 78, pp , and B. H. Weigl, “Microfluidic Diagnostic Technologies for Global Public Health”, Nature, Vol. 442, pp , [3] G.-M. Walker and D. J. Beebe, “A Passive Pumping Method for Microfluidic Devices”, Lab Chip, Vol. 2, pp , [4] I. Meyvantsson, J. W. Warrick, S. Hayes, A. Skoien, D. J. Beebe, “Automated Cell Culture in High Density Tubeless Microfluidic Device Arrays”, Lab Chip, Vol. 8, pp , [5] A. W. Martinez, S. T. Phillips, and G. M. Whiteside's, “Three-Dimensional Microfluidic Devices Fabricated in Layered Paper and Tape” Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci., Vol. 105, pp , 2008.

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