Building Vocabulary from Word Roots Lesson 7 Latin Bases past, pastor, and greg

past, pastor The Latin base past or pastor means “shepherd.” This base does NOT attach to prefixes. These bases are often used to create words central to religious and civil rights movements; they create words literally and figuratively related to shepherds and flocks. Might need to review the concept of literal and figurative language

greg The Latin base greg means “flock” or “herd.” This base attaches to five Latin prefixes: ad- (to, toward, add to) con- (with, together) e- (out) se- (aside, away) de- (down) Only one greg word does not attach to a prefix: gregarious.

past, pastor= “shepherd” pastor + al (relating to) = pastoral—(“related to” “shepherd”) When someone acts in a pastoral manner, they are acting like a shepherd, whether literally or figuratively. pastor (“shepherd”) The pastor of a church is the leader, acting as a shepherd to his church followers.

greg= “flock, herd” con- (with, together) + greg = congregation—(“flock” “together”) When you join a congregation of people, you are becoming part of a group. ad- (to, toward, add to) + greg= aggregate—(a cluster of items “added to” a “herd” or mass) Concrete is a common aggregate, combining several types of rock particles to create a hard surface. se- (aside, away) + greg= segregate— (to move something “aside” or “away” from the “herd”) When a person or group is experiencing segregation, he or they are being kept out of a group. Remind students of the assimilation process when the ad- prefix is used

Practice Use the definitions of the bases, prefixes, and suffixes, if provided, and the context of the sentence to determine the meanings of the bolded words. Seeing the pastor performing the casual service in the large pasture reminded me of a pastoral painting I had seen of a young boy and his sheep.

Practice Seeing the pastor performing the casual service in the large pasture reminded me of a pastoral painting I had seen of a young boy and his sheep. Pastor- the “shepherd” or leader of a church Pasture- the grassy area where shepherds graze their sheep Pastoral- relating to a pastor or shepherd; countryside or pastureland

Practice Use the definitions of the bases, prefixes, and suffixes, if provided, and the context of the sentence to determine the meanings of the bolded words. The congregation of students was shocked by the egregious discrimination committed when the group of girls was segregated from the dodgeball tournament. (the prefix con- means “with”, the prefix e- means “out”, the prefix se- means “aside, away”)

Practice The congregation of students was shocked by the egregious discrimination committed when the group of girls was segregated from the dodgeball tournament. (the prefix con- means “with”, the prefix e- means “out”, the prefix se- means “aside, away”) Congregation- to “flock” or come together as a group; a group of people Egregious- standing “out” from the “flock” for negative reasons; something outstandingly bad Segregated-moved “away” from the “flock”; separated from the group

Test Prep Greg—this base means _________, _________ Shelly is such a gregarious person that she is known to nearly every student in the school. She smiles, waves, and talks to everyone she meets, and she is always surrounded by a group of people. Define the word gregarious using a definition of the base

Test Prep Greg—this base means flock, herd Shelly is such a gregarious person that she is known to nearly every student in the school. She smiles, waves, and talks to everyone she meets, and she is always surrounded by a group of people. Define the word gregarious using a definition of the base Having the quality of liking groups of people; sociable

Test Prep Past, pastor—these bases mean _________ The new preacher was slightly amazed at the large number of pastoral duties he was expected to complete: leading the services, counseling members of the church, studying the readings, visiting the sick, and so much more. Define the word pastoral using a definition of the base

Test Prep Past, pastor—these bases mean shepherd The new preacher was slightly amazed at the large number of pastoral duties he was expected to complete: leading the services, counseling members of the church, studying the readings, visiting the sick, and so much more. Define the word pastoral using a definition of the base Relating to the “shepherd” or leader of a church