Chemical FREE!!!!! Solutions provided by HydroFLOW Main sectors Limescale Treatment Bacteria and algae Elimination Filtration Enhancement Corrosion Reduction Main sectors Residential Commercial/Industrial Agricultural Pool & Spa Chemical FREE!!!!!

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What Is Limescale ? Limescale is formed when calcium and magnesium minerals accumulate and form a hard mass of crystals on rough surfaces The crystalized substance is known as aragonite Limescale originates from Limestone which is mostly formed by the fossilized shells of sea organisms over time

Limescale Aragonite crystals Pipe / metal surface Calcium and Magnesium salts dissolved in water form a hard mass of crystals on the rough surfaces of equipment and pipes. Aragonite crystals at 200 times magnification

Effects of Limescale Reduces water heating efficiency Reduces water flow Causes blockages, leaks and damage in plumbing systems and apparatuses Can paralyze entire factories Traditional treatment requires the use expensive and dangerous chemicals

When does Scale Form? 1. Calcium and bicarbonate are dissolved in water 2. Water becomes super-saturated when temperature increases or pressure decreases 3. Ions precipitate as calcium carbonate [limescale] Ca Calcium (HCO3)2 Bicarbonate CaCO3 Calcium Carbonate CO2 Carbon Dioxide H2O H2O Water

Electric current travels along whole pipe The Hydropath signal is a decaying sine oscillation of ± 150 kHz Pulse separation time varies to work in a range of applications The decaying pulse is extremely efficient (Less than 20W) Electric current travels along whole pipe

Patented The Hydropath Signal How do we get a signal into the pipe? Transformer AC current in primary circuit Electric field through ferrite AC current in secondary circuit The difference between Hydropath Technology and other physical water conditioning technologies is the ability to induce an electric signal into the water which is 30,000 times more efficient than a magnetic signal Patented

How Does HydroFLOW Treat and Prevent Limescale Calcite Cluster Formation The Hydropath signal encourages the calcium carbonate ions to form clusters These clusters then become seed crystals; crystals prefer to attach to existing crystals

Seed Crystals Crystals form all along the rough surface of the string when there’s no seed crystal When a seed crystal is present, crystals will form on it instead of the string’s rough surface

Prevention of Limescale The Pipe Without HydroFLOW “Innovations that put nature to work for you!” The Pipe With HydroFLOW Limescale

Prevention of limescale in sugar production Without HydroFLOW With HydroFLOW Juice is heated in a heat exchanger Rapid limescale build-up reduces heat transfer efficiency Each heat exchanger functions for only 6 hours before servicing With HydroFLOW the heat exchanger remains clear of limescale

Dissolving existing limescale Crystals form Creates Carbon Dioxide Dissolves existing scale H2O Ca + (HCO3)2 CaCO3 + CO2 + H2O Hard water is water that has high mineral content . Hard water has high concentrations of Ca2+ and Mg2+ ions To dissolve scale, HydroFLOW requires hard water

Dissolving existing scale Before After 4 Months After

Main Benefits of HydroFLOW HydroFLOW prevents limescale formation Without chemicals Without changing water composition HydroFLOW dissolves existing limescale Carbon dioxide is expelled as crystals are formed and gradually begins to dissolve existing limescale

How Does HydroFLOW Treat Bactaria ? Osmosis and Bacteria Bacterium cell: semi-permeable membrane In distilled water, water flows into bacterium cell Bacterium becomes “too diluted”, bursts and dies * Even kills “freshwater” bacteria Semi-permeable membrane: lets water pass but not salt. Water flows from dilute to concentrated region Na Cl H2O H2O Na Cl H2O Na Cl H2O Na Cl H2O Na Cl H2O Na Cl Semi-permeable membrane

HydroFLOW and Bacteria A bacterium passing through the HydroFLOW unit becomes charged, creating a wetting layer of pure water Osmosis forces water into the bacterium and causes it to burst within seconds Cl Na H2O Na Cl Cl Na Cl Na Cl Na

Main Benefits of HydroFLOW HydroFLOW eliminates 99.99% of bacteria and algae passing through the unit No chemicals or disinfectants required

Lab Test - Bacteria This corresponds to a 99.99% reduction! Test Method A 50 liter water tank was filled-up with tap water The whole fixture was sanitized before adding Staphylococcus Aureus and E. Coli to the water The water was circulated through the HydroFLOW unit by a pump for an hour A water sample was then taken from the tank to test the bacteria count Results After one hour, the bacteria count was down to a minimal value of less than one per milliliter This corresponds to a 99.99% reduction!

How Does HydroFLOW Treat Biofilm ? Fouling by bacteria and algae leads to fouling by larger organisms Bacteria clings to pipe surfaces

Biofilms and Bio-fouling Bacteria and algae cling to pipe surfaces and forms a Layer known as biofilm

Biofilms and Biofouling Larger “micro-foulers” attach to biofilm

Biofilms and Biofouling Biofilm attracts larvae Larvae grow and hatch into limpets, barnacles, etc. Biofilm leads to microbial induced corrosion

The HydroFLOW signal conducting in the metal pipe causes the release of Biofilm and Biofoul No bacteria and algae means no biofilm Larvae and micro-foulers will not attach Metal Pipe

Main Benefits of HydroFLOW HydroFLOW prevents the formation of biofilm HydroFLOW prevents fouling by larger organisms HydroFLOW prevents microbial induced corrosion

How Does HydroFLOW Enhance Filtration? The HydroFLOW unit charges suspended particles, causing them to flock so that they are more easily filtered out of water systems With HydroFlow Without HydroFlow

Filtration Enhancement Particles become charged Turbulence mixes-up particles and create flocks Pump Filter Filter removes flock

Main Benefits of HydroFLOW Eliminates the need for chemical flocculants Reduces the duration and frequency of back washing Improves water quality and clarity Reduces energy and maintenance costs

How Does HydroFlow Reduce Corrosion ? The skin effect The induced AC current passing along the metal pipe creates a coaxial magnetic field which inhibits corrosion by up to 60%.

Corrosion Reduction Test Conducted by: The Royal Scientific Society of Jordan Venue: Jordan Steel company Goal: Test effect of HydroFLOW on corrosion Results: Over 65% corrosion reduction Significant Limescale reduction Conclusion: “Hydropath Technology can be recommended as a replacement of chemical corrosion protection”

Corrosion Reduction

Main Benefits of HydroFLOW Reduces corrosion efficiently without chemicals Preserve pipe work and apparatuses Reduces Operating & Maintenance Expense