Classification

Classification  GROUPING things according to their CHARACTERISTICS.

CAROLUS LINNAEUS  Developed a SYSTEM for grouping ORGANISMS.

Creating Scientific Names  Carl Linnaeus – 1750’s developed a system for organisms.  Catalog all known species  Created two-worded Latin names for each species (Binomial Nomenclature)

Groups  Domain(largest)  Kingdom  Phylum  Class  Order  Family  Genus  Species (smallest) Great way to remember: Dozy Kids Play Chase On Freeway Get Squished

3 Broad Groups  Eukaryote Multiple chromosomes and a mitotic cycle i.e. animals Multiple chromosomes and a mitotic cycle i.e. animals  Prokaryote Single-Celled does not have nucleus or membrane- bound structures i.e. bacteria Single-Celled does not have nucleus or membrane- bound structures i.e. bacteria  Archaea Prokaryotes-Like in extreme environments difference in genetic make up of their cell call. i.e. bacteria in hot pots Prokaryotes-Like in extreme environments difference in genetic make up of their cell call. i.e. bacteria in hot pots

Kingdom  Encompasses large groups; such as plants, animals or fungi.

Phylum  Subgroup within a kingdom. Animals belong to the phylum Chordata. (meaning they have a spinal “chord”)

Class  A sub group within a phylum containing common characteristics.

Order  A sub group within a class.

Family  A sub group with an order.

Genus  A sub group within a family  Species with uniquely shared traits  Species are thought to be closely related.

Species  Unique group of organisms united by heredity or interbreeding  Defined based on unique features

SPECIES means "KIND”  A GROUP of closely related (SIMILAR) organisms that INTERBREED and have FERTILE offspring

CAROLUS LINNAEUS  2. Gave an organism a TWO- WORD LATIN name. (binomial nomenclature)  Example COMMON name cougar, puma, mountain lion COMMON name cougar, puma, mountain lion SCIENTIFIC name Felis concolor SCIENTIFIC name Felis concolor  GENUS, SPECIES Last name, first name

What’s in a name?

Binomial Nomenclature (bie NOH mee uhl Noh muhn KLAY chuhr)  Scientific Name = Binomial Nomenclature Genus + Species = Scientific Name Example = Humans Homo + Sapien = Homo sapien

Examples of Scientific Names  Cattle: Bos taurus, Bos indicus

Examples of Scientific Names  Cattle: Bos taurus, Bos indicus  Sheep: Ovis aries.

Examples of Scientific Names  Cattle: Bos taurus, Bos indicus  Sheep: Ovis aries  Swine: Sus scrofa

Examples of Scientific Names  Cattle: Bos taurus, Bos indicus  Sheep: Ovis aries  Swine: Sus scrofa  Horse: Equus cabbalus

Examples of Scientific Names  Cattle: Bos taurus, Bos indicus  Sheep: Ovis aries  Swine: Sus scrofa  Horse: Equus cabbalus  Chickens: Galus galus domesticus

Species  a group of closely related animals that can INTERBREED and produce FERTILE offspring  Example

Breed  animals of common ORIGIN with characteristics that distinguish them from other groups within the same SPECIES  Example

Type  animals of the same SPECIES that are grouped together based on the PRODUCTS they produce  Example

Scientific Names of Domesticated Livestock Animals Genus species

European Cattle  Bos taurus

Indian Cattle  Bos indicus

Sheep  Ovis aries

Goats  Capra hircus

Swine  Sus scrofa domesticus

Horse  Equus caballus

Donkey  Equus asinus

Rabbit  Oryctolagus cuniculus

Llama  Llama glama

Alpaca  Llama pacos

Dog  Canis familiaris

Cat  Felis catus

Chicken  Gallus domesticus

Turkey  Meleagris gallopavo

Duck  Anas platyrhyncha

Goose  Anser anser

Terms of Domesticated Animals

Cattle  Species  Bovine

Cattle  Group  Herd

Cattle  Adult Male  Bull

Cattle  Adult Female  Cow

Cattle  Young Male  Bull Calf

Cattle  Young Female  Heifer Calf

Cattle  Newborn  Calf

Cattle  Castrated Male  Bullock or Steer

Cattle  Offspring w/Dam  Calf at Foot or Suckling

Cattle  Birthing  Calving

Cattle  Mating  Serving

Sheep  Species  Ovine

Sheep  Group  Flock

Sheep  Adult Male  Ram, Buck, or Tup

Sheep  Adult Female  Ewe

Sheep  Young Male  Ram Lamb or Buck Lamb

Sheep  Young Female  Ewe Lamb

Sheep  Newborn  Lamb

Sheep  Castrated Male  Wether

Sheep  Offspring w/Dam  Suckling

Sheep  Birthing  Lambing

Sheep  Mating  Tupping

Goats  Species  Caprine

Goats  Group  Flock or Band

Goats  Adult Male  Buck or Billy

Goats  Adult Female  Doe or Nanny

Goats  Young Male  Buckling

Goats  Young Female  Goatling

Goats  Newborn  Kid

Goats  Castrated Male  Wether

Goats  Offspring w/Dam  Suckling

Goats  Birthing  Kidding

Goats  Mating  Serving

Swine  Species  Porcine

Swine  Group  Drove

Swine  Adult Male  Boar

Swine  Adult Female  Sow

Swine  Young Male  Boar Pig or Boarling

Swine  Young Female  Gilt

Swine  Newborn  Pig, Piglet, Pigling

Swine  Castrated Male  Barrow, Stag, Hog

Swine  Offspring w/Dam  Suckling

Swine  Birthing  Farrowing

Swine  Mating  Coupling

Poultry  Species  Gallus

Poultry  Group  Flock

Poultry  Adult Male  Rooster, Cock

Poultry  Adult Female  Hen

Poultry  Young Male  Cockerel

Poultry  Young Female  Pullet

Poultry  Newborn  Chick

Poultry  Castrated Male  Capon

Poultry  Offspring w/Dam  Clutch, Brood

Poultry  Birthing  Hatching

Poultry  Mating  ?????

Horse  Species  Equine

Horse  Group  Herd, Band, etc.

Horse  Adult Male  Stallion or Stud

Horse  Adult Female  Mare

Horse  Young Male  Colt

Horse  Young Female  Filly

Horse  Newborn  Foal

Horse  Castrated Male  Gelding

Horse  Offspring w/Dam  Suckling or Foal at Side

Horse  Birthing  Foaling

Horse  Mating  Serving

Types of Livestock

Cattle  Beef Type  Dairy Type  Dual Purpose  Multi-Purpose

Sheep  Wool type Fine Medium Long Colored  Meat or Mutton type  Dual Purpose  Dairy Type

Swine  Lard Type  Bacon Type  Meat Type

Horses  Draft Type  Racing  Ranch Work/Stock Horse  Trotting  Pacers

Poultry  Eggs (Layers)  Meat (Broilers)  Ornamental  Cock Fighting