The Basics of Quality Control for Insect Rearing 2010 Norman C. Leppla University of Florida Department of Entomology and Nematology and Nematology

Leppla’s Career in Insect Rearing University of Arizona- Insect rearing research, 2 years USDA, ARS- Insectary management Florida & Texas, 17 years USDA, APHIS- Methods development, Washington DC & international, 7 years University of Florida- Integrated pest management & BC, 13 years

Countries of Workshop Students

Educational Background High School BS MS PhD Number of responses Entomology Agronomy Plant Health On the Job

Educational Background 2010 Class

Learning How to Rear High Quality Insects Apprentice in an insectary Network with other professionals Literature plus trial-and-error Visit other insectaries Reviews by experts Education and Training programs

Insectary Manager Network Anyone associated with the mass rearing of insects Contact Person: Travis Wood United Industries Corporation

Insect Diet & Rearing Research, LLC Rearing news Research Consultation Educational programs Quality control Custom workshops

Maintaining the Quality of Colonized Insects Collection of appropriate biotypesCollection of appropriate biotypes Colonization and strain developmentColonization and strain development Rearing proficiencyRearing proficiency Colony managementColony management OptimizationOptimization Strain replacementStrain replacement

I. Introduction

II. A. Purposes for Rearing Insects II. B. Types of Insect Rearing Systems II. C. Options for Colonizing Insects II. D. Maintaining the Quality of Colonized Insects II. Colony Establishment and Maintenance

II. A. Purposes for Rearing Insects

White witch, Thysania agrippina White witch, Thysania agrippina (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae

Monarch Painted Lady Small Scale Rearing: Butterflies II. B. Types of Insect Rearing Systems Rearing Systems

Diet Preparation Building Insect Rearing Facilities General Rearing Building

State-of-the-Art Rearing Rooms

Medium-Scale Rearing: Lepidoptera Lepidoptera Cabbage Looper, Trichoplusia ni Corn Earworm, Helicoverpa zea

USDA, ARS Rearing Keith Halein Clarence Green Jack Rye Bill Fisher

USDA, ARS Rearing Steve Carlyle Fred Adams

Annie Lorie Insect rearing is never a boring task; insects are always doing something interesting and pose new challenges all the time Punky Rogers USDA, ARS Rearing Rearing

Mass Rearing: Medfly Metapa, Mexico El Pino, Guatemala Capacity of 3.5 billion sterile male pupae per week

Honolulu, Hawaii Nori Tanaka

Peter Ebling Insect Producer Database Mgr. Great Lakes Forestry Centre 1219 Queen St. East Sault Ste. Marie, ON P6A 2E5 (705) II. C. Options for Colonizing Insects

World-wide listing, 35 insect & 21 nematode ordersWorld-wide listing, 35 insect & 21 nematode orders Data submitted by sourcesData submitted by sources Searchable databaseSearchable database Expand clientsExpand clients Adopt-a-colonyAdopt-a-colony

Field Collecting Cabbage Loopers

Continuous Improvement of Insect Rearing Capability

II. D. Maintaining the Quality of Colonized Insects of Colonized Insects

III. A. Quality Control Criteria and Standardized Tests III. B. Sampling for Consistent Quality III. C. Production, Process and Product Control III. Monitoring Quality

III. A. Quality Control Criteria and Standardized Tests Quantity- Number of Pupae or AdultsQuantity- Number of Pupae or Adults Size- Weight of PupaeSize- Weight of Pupae Fecundity- Oviposition and Egg HatchFecundity- Oviposition and Egg Hatch Rate of Development-SynchronizationRate of Development-Synchronization Adult Behavior-Flight, LongevityAdult Behavior-Flight, Longevity Field Performance- Achieve PurposeField Performance- Achieve Purpose

Specifications- Requirements for a product or service Standards- The level of quality at which a specification is written

III. B. Sampling for Consistent Quality Count = Measurement = N Count = Measurement = N Mean = Sum/Number of Counts = X Mean = Sum/Number of Counts = X Variance = Sum of (N – X) 2 / n-1 = 2 Variance = Sum of (N – X) 2 / n-1 = 2 Standard Deviation = Square Root of 2 = SD

III. C. Production, Process and Product Control and Product Control

IV. A. Structured Diagnostic Procedures IV. B. Quality Control versus Methods Improvement IV. C. Periodic Review versus Crisis Review IV. A. Structured Diagnostic Procedures IV. B. Quality Control versus Methods Improvement IV. C. Periodic Review versus Crisis Review IV. Evaluation and Management

IV. A. Structured Diagnostic Procedures Procedures

IV. B. Quality Control versus Methods Improvement Quality Control Quality Control Monitor indicator variables Evaluate multiple variables Troubleshoot using QC data Conduct evaluations rapidly Goal is to restore stable production Methods Improvement Methods Improvement Conduct evaluations methodically Test one variable at a time Use controlled experiments Test results in the production system Goal is to optimize production

Improving Male Fruit Fly Performance Abiotic Environment Holding Cages Handling for Release Biotic Environment Juvenile hormone Nutrients (sucrose) Semiochemicals

Olivefly Methods Improvement FAO/IAEA Entomology Unit Seibersdorf, Austria

Eggs/Cage Eggs laid Eggs hatched Sex ratio male:female

Total eggs laid Number of females Eggs laidEggs Hatched

Eggs laidEggs hatched Total eggs laid Number of males

Olivefly Methods Improvement

IV. C. Periodic Review versus Crisis Review Terms of reference Terms of reference Preparation Preparation Seek to understand Seek to understand Clarify Clarify ReportReport FeedbackFeedback ReflectReflect

V. Guidelines for Quality Systems IOBC

Global Quality Control Programs Individual Companies CustomersIndividual Companies Customers International Standards ISO 9000 ASTM International IOBC GuidelinesInternational Standards ISO 9000 ASTM International IOBC Guidelines The Marketplace Quality ProductsThe Marketplace Quality Products

to facilitate and advance cost-effective rearing of high quality insects and other arthropods in support of biological control and integrated pest management International Organization for Biological Control

Workshops of the IOBC, WGQC (AMRQC) 1982Gainesville, FloridaE. F. Boller and D. L. Chambers 1984Wadenswil, SwitzerlandE. F. Boller and D. L. Chambers 1986Guatemala City, GuatemalaC. 0. Calkins 1988Vancouver, CanadaC. 0. Calkins 1991Wageningen, NetherlandsF. Bigler and J. C. van Lenteren 1992Horsholm, DenmarkF. Bigler 1993Rimini, ItalyM. Benuzzi and N. C. Leppla 1995Santa Barbara, CaliforniaR. F. Luck and N. C. Leppla 1998 Cali, ColombiaN. C. Leppla and T. R. Ashley 2003 Montpellier, FranceP. De Clercq, S. Grenier and N. C. Leppla 2007 Montreal, Canada S. Grenier and C. S. Glenister 2010 Vienna, AustriaP. De Clercq and T. A. Coudron

VI. Total Quality Management

Generic Guidelines for Quality Systems Policy, Planning and AdministrationPolicy, Planning and Administration Design Assurance and Change ControlDesign Assurance and Change Control Control of Purchased MaterialsControl of Purchased Materials Production Quality ControlProduction Quality Control User Contact and Field PerformanceUser Contact and Field Performance Corrective ActionCorrective Action Employees- Select, Train and MotivateEmployees- Select, Train and Motivate

Total Quality Management in Insect Rearing

Insect Pest Control (IPC) sterile-insect-technique.html

Leppla’s Insect Rearing Quality Control References Leppla, N. C The basics of quality control for insect rearing. In Principles and Procedures for Rearing Quality Insects. Mississippi State University.Leppla, N. C The basics of quality control for insect rearing. In Principles and Procedures for Rearing Quality Insects. Mississippi State University. Leppla, N. C. 2004, Rearing of Insects. Encyclopedia of Entomology.Leppla, N. C. 2004, Rearing of Insects. Encyclopedia of Entomology. Leppla, N. C Guidelines for quality control of commercially produced natural enemies. In Quality Control and Production of Biological Control Agents, Theory and Testing Proc.Leppla, N. C Guidelines for quality control of commercially produced natural enemies. In Quality Control and Production of Biological Control Agents, Theory and Testing Proc. Leppla, N. C. 2002, Rearing of Insects. Encyclopedia of Insects.Leppla, N. C. 2002, Rearing of Insects. Encyclopedia of Insects.

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