INSECT ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY

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Presentation transcript:

INSECT ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY

GENERALIZED INTERNAL ANATOMY INSECT STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION GENERALIZED INTERNAL ANATOMY

Foregut, Midgut, Hindgut Brain and Associated Ganglia INSECT INTERNAL ANATOMY Foregut, Midgut, Hindgut Brain and Associated Ganglia Malpighian Tubules Heart and Dorsal Aorta Ventral Nerve Chord Spiracles and Trachea

INSECTS HAVE A “COMPLETE” DIGESTIVE SYSTEM INSECT DIGESTIVE SYSTEM INSECTS HAVE A “COMPLETE” DIGESTIVE SYSTEM

INSECT ALIMENTARY CANAL IN CROSS SECTION INSECT DIGESTIVE SYSTEM “Tube Within A Tube” Design INSECT ALIMENTARY CANAL IN CROSS SECTION

INSECT DIGESTIVE SYSTEM THE INSECT ALIMENTARY CANAL IS DIVIDED INTO THREE (3) FUNCTIONAL REGIONS: FOREGUT (STOMODEUM) MIDGUT (MESENTERON) HINDGUT (PROCTODEUM)

INSECT DIGESTIVE SYSTEM THE FOREGUT AND HINDGUT ARE OF ECTODERMAL ORIGIN AND LINED WITH A THIN LAYER OF CUTICLE (THE INTIMA) FOREGUT (ECTODERM) MIDGUT (ENDODERM) HINDGUT (ECTODERM)

MIDGUT (ENDODERM) EPITHELIAL CELLS SECRETE A PROTECTIVE BARRIER INSECT DIGESTIVE SYSTEM THE MIDGUT IS OF ENDODERMAL ORIGIN AND LACKS A PROTECTIVE LAYER OF CUTICLE MIDGUT (ENDODERM) EPITHELIAL CELLS SECRETE A PROTECTIVE BARRIER THE PERITROPHIC MEMBRANE

LOCATION AND MAJOR STRUCTURES OF THE FOREGUT, MIDGUT, HINDGUT

INSECT DIGESTIVE SYSTEM

COMPLEX MOUTHPARTS PROVIDE INITIAL FOOD MANIPULATION AND PROCESSING INSECT DIGESTIVE SYSTEM COMPLEX MOUTHPARTS PROVIDE INITIAL FOOD MANIPULATION AND PROCESSING

MOISTEN AND LUBRICATE MOUTHPARTS, DISSOLVE FOOD, INITIATE DIGESTION INSECT DIGESTIVE SYSTEM SALIVARY GLANDS SALIVARIUM SALIVARY DUCT MOISTEN AND LUBRICATE MOUTHPARTS, DISSOLVE FOOD, INITIATE DIGESTION SALIVARY GLAND

INSECT DIGESTIVE SYSTEM SALIVARY GLANDS Silk Moth (Bombyx mori)

INSECT DIGESTIVE SYSTEM THE HYPOPHARYNX IS A TONGUE-LIKE STRUCTURE WHICH AIDS IN THE INITIAL MANIPULATION AND MIXING OF FOOD. HYPOPHARYNX

INSECT DIGESTIVE SYSTEM CIBARIAL MUSCLES – “CIBARIAL PUMP” AN INSECTS MOUTH IS LOCATED AT THE BASE OF THE MOUTHPARTS AND SERVES AS A MUSCULAR VALVE FOR FOOD INGESTION

INSECT DIGESTIVE SYSTEM CROP PHARYNX PROVENTRICULUS ESOPHAGUS CARDIAC VALVE STOMODEUM (FOREGUT)

Digestion and Nutrient Absorption INSECT DIGESTIVE SYSTEM Digestion and Nutrient Absorption GASTRIC CAECAE VENTRICULUS PYLORIC SPHINCTER PERITROPHIC MEMBRANE MESENTERON (MIDGUT)

INSECT DIGESTIVE SYSTEM MIDGUT GASTRIC CAECAE PROVIDE SITES FOR SYMBIOTIC BACTERIA, PROTOZANS, AND OTHER ORGANISMS GASTRIC CAECAE

PROCTODAEUM (HINDGUT) INSECT DIGESTIVE SYSTEM MALPIGHIAN TUBULES COLON WATER RETENTION and WASTE ELIMINATION ILEUM RECTAL PADS PROCTODAEUM (HINDGUT)

INSECT FECAL MATERIAL IS CALLED “FRASS” INSECT DIGESTIVE SYSTEM INSECT FECAL MATERIAL IS CALLED “FRASS”

INSECT DIGESTIVE SYSTEM THE INSECT ALIMENTARY CANAL HAS PRODUCED A DIVERSITY OF CONFIGURATIONS TO FACILITATE SPECIALIZED FEEDING AND DIGESTION REQUIREMENTS

INSECT DIGESTIVE SYSTEM HINDGUT SYMBIONTS TERMITE WORKER (ISOPTERA) TERMITE HINDGUT SPIROCHAETE FLAGELLATE PROTOZOAN SYMBIOTIC BACTERIA, PROTOZANS, AND OTHER MICRORGANISMS ASSIST IN DIGESTION AND CRITICAL NUTRIENT PRODUCTION

INSECT ALIMENTARY CANAL AND DISEASE TRANSMISSION INSECT DIGESTIVE SYSTEM INSECT ALIMENTARY CANAL AND DISEASE TRANSMISSION

INSECT EXCRETORY SYSTEM MALPHIGIAN TUBULES

INSECT EXCRETORY SYSTEM LONG, SLENDER HINDGUT FILAMENTS WHICH FILTER WASTE PRODUCTS AND TOXINS FROM THE HAEMOLYMPH MALPHIGIAN TUBULES

INSECT EXCRETORY SYSTEM MALPHIGIAN TUBULES