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Chapter 37 Table of Contents Section 1 The Insect World Insects Chapter 37 Table of Contents Section 1 The Insect World Section 2 Insect Behavior

Chapter 37 Objectives Section 1 The Insect World Relate the major characteristics of insects to insects’ biological success. List both harmful and beneficial effects of insects on human society. Describe the external structure and organ systems of a grasshopper. Compare incomplete and complete metamorphosis in insects. Describe defensive adaptations in insects.

Characteristics and Classification of Insects Section 1 The Insect World Chapter 37 Characteristics and Classification of Insects The insect body is divided into three tagmata: The head has mandibles and one pair of unbranched antennae. The thorax has three pairs of jointed legs and, in many species, one or two pairs of wings. The abdomen has 9 to 11 segments but neither wings nor legs in adults.

Exploration of an Insect Section 1 The Insect World Chapter 37 Exploration of an Insect

Comparison of Crustaceans and Insects Section 1 The Insect World Chapter 37 Comparison of Crustaceans and Insects

Characteristics of Insects Section 1 The Insect World Chapter 37 Characteristics of Insects

Characteristics and Classification of Insects Section 1 The Insect World Chapter 37 Characteristics and Classification of Insects The study of insects and other terrestrial arthropods is called entomology, and the scientists who engage in it are known as entomologists. Entomologists classify insects into more than 25 orders based on characteristics such as: structure of mouthparts number of wings type of development

Section 1 The Insect World Chapter 37 Insect Diversity

Section 1 The Insect World Chapter 37 Common Insect Orders

Characteristics and Classification of Insects, continued Section 1 The Insect World Chapter 37 Characteristics and Classification of Insects, continued The Success of Insects Insects live in almost every terrestrial and freshwater environment. Factors responsible for their success include: ability to fly exoskeleton jointed appendages small size short life span

Characteristics and Classification of Insects, continued Section 1 The Insect World Chapter 37 Characteristics and Classification of Insects, continued Insects and People Insects negatively affect humans by: competing for food transmitting diseases destroying buildings and other manufactured products Insects benefit humans by: serving as food for other animals pollinating flowers making valuable products such as honey recycling nutrients in ecosystems

Chapter 37 The Grasshopper External Structure Section 1 The Insect World Chapter 37 The Grasshopper External Structure The body of a grasshopper has three tagmata: The head bears the mouthparts, a pair of unbranched antennae, and pairs of simple and compound eyes. The thorax is composed of the prothorax, the mesothorax, and the metathorax. The abdomen has upper and lower plates. The rigid exoskeleton and its waxy cuticle covering are adaptations for a terrestrial life.

External Anatomy of a Grasshopper Section 1 The Insect World Chapter 37 External Anatomy of a Grasshopper

Anatomy of a Grasshopper Section 1 The Insect World Chapter 37 Anatomy of a Grasshopper

The Grasshopper, continued Section 1 The Insect World Chapter 37 The Grasshopper, continued Feeding and Digestion Insect mouthparts are adapted for different functions in different species. Grasshoppers feed on plants, and their mouthparts are modified for cutting and chewing leaves and blades of grass. The labrum and labium are mouthparts that function like upper and lower lips, respectively.

Section 1 The Insect World Chapter 37 Insect Mouthparts

Feeding Habits of Grasshoppers Section 1 The Insect World Chapter 37 Feeding Habits of Grasshoppers

The Grasshopper, continued Section 1 The Insect World Chapter 37 The Grasshopper, continued Circulation, Respiration, and Excretion Insects have an open circulatory system that transports nutrients through the body. Gas exchange occurs by means of air-filled tracheae that reach deep into the body. Malpighian tubules remove cellular wastes from the hemolymph while conserving water.

Grasshopper Circulatory and Respiratory Systems Section 1 The Insect World Chapter 37 Grasshopper Circulatory and Respiratory Systems

The Grasshopper, continued Section 1 The Insect World Chapter 37 The Grasshopper, continued Neural Control The grasshopper’s central nervous system consists of a brain and a ventral nerve cord with ganglia located in each body segment. Nerves extend from the brain to sensory structures. Insect sensory structures include : simple and compound eyes sensory hairs on antennae and other body parts in some species, a sound-sensing tympanum

Internal Anatomy of a Grasshopper Section 1 The Insect World Chapter 37 Internal Anatomy of a Grasshopper

The Grasshopper, continued Section 1 The Insect World Chapter 37 The Grasshopper, continued Reproduction Grasshoppers have separate sexes, as do all insects. During mating, the male deposits sperm into the female’s seminal receptacle, where the eggs are fertilized internally. The last segment of the female’s abdomen forms the ovipositor, which she uses to lay fertilized eggs.

Chapter 37 Insect Development Most insects go through metamorphosis. Section 1 The Insect World Chapter 37 Insect Development Most insects go through metamorphosis. In incomplete metamorphosis, a nymph hatches from an egg and resembles the adult but has undeveloped reproductive organs and no wings. The nymph molts several times to become an adult. In complete metamorphosis, a wormlike larva called a caterpillar hatches from an egg and molts several times before becoming a pupa. The pupa molts to produce the adult, which resembles neither the larva nor the pupa.

Incomplete Metamorphosis Section 1 The Insect World Chapter 37 Incomplete Metamorphosis

Incomplete Metamorphosis Section 1 The Insect World Chapter 37 Incomplete Metamorphosis

Types of Insects That Go Through Incomplete Metamorphosis Section 1 The Insect World Chapter 37 Types of Insects That Go Through Incomplete Metamorphosis

Complete Metamorphosis Section 1 The Insect World Chapter 37 Complete Metamorphosis

Complete Metamorphosis Section 1 The Insect World Chapter 37 Complete Metamorphosis

Types of Insects That Go Through Complete Metamorphosis Section 1 The Insect World Chapter 37 Types of Insects That Go Through Complete Metamorphosis

Incomplete Versus Complete Metamorphosis Section 1 The Insect World Chapter 37 Incomplete Versus Complete Metamorphosis

Insect Development, continued Section 1 The Insect World Chapter 37 Insect Development, continued Importance of Metamorphosis Complete metamorphosis allows larvae and adults of the same species to avoid competing for space and food. Metamorphosis also allows insects to survive periods of harsh weather or scant resources.

Life Cycle of a Monarch Butterfly Section 1 The Insect World Chapter 37 Life Cycle of a Monarch Butterfly

Chapter 37 Insect Defense Insects may defend themselves by: stinging Section 1 The Insect World Chapter 37 Insect Defense Insects may defend themselves by: stinging using camouflage releasing noxious chemicals Insects that are dangerous or taste bad often have warning coloration that makes them recognizable to predators. The warning coloration of a dangerous species may be mimicked by harmless species.

Digestive Tract of a Bee Section 1 The Insect World Chapter 37 Digestive Tract of a Bee

Tracheal System of a Beetle Section 1 The Insect World Chapter 37 Tracheal System of a Beetle

Parts of an Insect Mouth Section 1 The Insect World Chapter 37 Parts of an Insect Mouth

Section 2 Insect Behavior Chapter 37 Objectives Identify three ways that insects communicate, and give an example of each. Describe the social organization of honeybees. Explain how honeybees communicate information about the location of food.

Chapter 37 Communication Insects communicate by behaviors such as: Section 2 Insect Behavior Chapter 37 Communication Insects communicate by behaviors such as: releasing pheromones producing sounds producing flashes of light

Chapter 37 Behavior in Honey Bees Section 2 Insect Behavior Chapter 37 Behavior in Honey Bees Social insects live in complex groups or colonies. The division of labor among social insects creates interdependence and a need for communication. The social behavior of these insects is genetically determined behavior, or innate behavior. Honeybee colonies consist mostly of female worker bees. They perform all duties but they do not produce their own offspring. Reproduction in each colony is the exclusive function of one queen bee and a few hundred male drones.

Behavior in Honey Bees, continued Section 2 Insect Behavior Chapter 37 Behavior in Honey Bees, continued Worker bees perform many functions during their lifetime, which lasts about six weeks. At one stage, worker bees are called nurse bees and secrete royal jelly, which they feed to the queen and youngest larvae. The queen bee develops when selected larvae are fed a continuous diet of royal jelly. As a new queen matures, she secretes queen factor, which prevents other female larvae from developing into queens.

Behavior in Honey Bees, continued Section 2 Insect Behavior Chapter 37 Behavior in Honey Bees, continued The Dances of the Bees Honeybees communicate the direction and distance to food sources by performing dances inside the hive. Honeybees use two types of dances: The round dance indicates that a food source is nearby. The waggle dance indicates the direction of food and the food’s distance from the hive.

Behavior in Honey Bees, continued Section 2 Insect Behavior Chapter 37 Behavior in Honey Bees, continued Altruistic Behavior In defending the colony, worker bees show altruistic behavior toward their close relatives in the colony. By working for the colony, the worker bees increase the propagation of their own genes.

Section 2 Insect Behavior Chapter 37 Social Insects

Chapter 37 Multiple Choice Standardized Test Prep Multiple Choice 1. What are an insect’s legs and wings attached to? A. head B. thorax C. labrum D. abdomen

Multiple Choice, continued Chapter 37 Standardized Test Prep Multiple Choice, continued 1. What are an insect’s legs and wings attached to? A. head B. thorax C. labrum D. abdomen

Multiple Choice, continued Chapter 37 Standardized Test Prep Multiple Choice, continued 2. What are the mouthparts of a grasshopper specialized for? F. sucking fluids G. lapping up liquids H. cutting and tearing fibers J. filtering food out of muddy water

Multiple Choice, continued Chapter 37 Standardized Test Prep Multiple Choice, continued 2. What are the mouthparts of a grasshopper specialized for? F. sucking fluids G. lapping up liquids H. cutting and tearing fibers J. filtering food out of muddy water

Multiple Choice, continued Chapter 37 Standardized Test Prep Multiple Choice, continued 3. What is the term for the immature form of an insect that undergoes incomplete metamorphosis? A. adult B. pupa C. infant D. nymph

Multiple Choice, continued Chapter 37 Standardized Test Prep Multiple Choice, continued 3. What is the term for the immature form of an insect that undergoes incomplete metamorphosis? A. adult B. pupa C. infant D. nymph

Multiple Choice, continued Chapter 37 Standardized Test Prep Multiple Choice, continued The illustration below shows the life cycle of a butterfly. Use the illustration to answer the questions that follow.

Multiple Choice, continued Chapter 37 Standardized Test Prep Multiple Choice, continued 4. What kind of life cycle is shown? F. direct development G. seasonal development H. complete metamorphosis J. incomplete metamorphosis

Multiple Choice, continued Chapter 37 Standardized Test Prep Multiple Choice, continued 4. What kind of life cycle is shown? F. direct development G. seasonal development H. complete metamorphosis J. incomplete metamorphosis

Multiple Choice, continued Chapter 37 Standardized Test Prep Multiple Choice, continued 5. What is the term for the developmental stage labeled C? A. pupa B. larva C. nymph D. caterpillar

Multiple Choice, continued Chapter 37 Standardized Test Prep Multiple Choice, continued 5. What is the term for the developmental stage labeled C? A. pupa B. larva C. nymph D. caterpillar

Multiple Choice, continued Chapter 37 Standardized Test Prep Multiple Choice, continued 6. queen factor : queen bee :: royal jelly F. drone G. worker H. queen bee J. pheromone

Multiple Choice, continued Chapter 37 Standardized Test Prep Multiple Choice, continued 6. queen factor : queen bee :: royal jelly F. drone G. worker H. queen bee J. pheromone

Multiple Choice, continued Chapter 37 Standardized Test Prep Multiple Choice, continued The diagram below shows the external structure of a grasshopper. Use the diagram to answer the questions that follow.

Multiple Choice, continued Chapter 37 Standardized Test Prep Multiple Choice, continued 7. What is the term for the structure(s) labeled D? A. thorax B. labrum C. abdomen D. antennae

Multiple Choice, continued Chapter 37 Standardized Test Prep Multiple Choice, continued 7. What is the term for the structure(s) labeled D? A. thorax B. labrum C. abdomen D. antennae

Multiple Choice, continued Chapter 37 Standardized Test Prep Multiple Choice, continued 8. Which of the following structures is part of the structure labeled B? F. ovipositor G. mandibles H. tympanum J. malphigian tubules

Multiple Choice, continued Chapter 37 Standardized Test Prep Multiple Choice, continued 8. Which of the following structures is part of the structure labeled B? F. ovipositor G. mandibles H. tympanum J. malphigian tubules

Chapter 37 Short Response Standardized Test Prep Short Response Defensive adaptations in insects increase the chances of insects’ survival. Distinguish between passive defenses and aggressive defenses, and give two examples of each.

Short Response, continued Chapter 37 Standardized Test Prep Short Response, continued Defensive adaptations in insects increase the chances of insects’ survival. Distinguish between passive defenses and aggressive defenses, and give two examples of each. Answer: Passive defenses don’t involve behavior. Examples include camouflage, warning coloration, being poisonous, or tasting bad. Aggressive defenses involve aggressive behavior, such as stinging a potential predator or spraying it with a noxious chemical.

Chapter 37 Extended Response Standardized Test Prep Base your answers to parts A & B on the information below. Farmers often try to limit the number of insects on crops by applying chemical insecticides to the crops. Sometimes, an insecticide that had previously been effective no longer affects certain types of insects. Part A Why do farmers try to control insects? Part B How can the effect of insecticides on certain insect populations change?

Extended Response, continued Chapter 37 Standardized Test Prep Extended Response, continued Answer Part A Insects can cause extensive crop damage. Part B Insecticides may control pest populations at first. However, insects with genes that confer pesticide resistance may survive and reproduce in large numbers while non-resistant insects die off. The result is an insect population that has evolved resistance to the insecticide.