1 Class Insecta BIO 2215 Oklahoma City Community College Dennis Anderson

2 Subphylum Uniramia Class Insecta (Hexapoda)

3 Most Abundant and Diverse Animal Class 1,000,000+ species identified –May be as many as 30,000,000 More than all other animals combined

4 Distribution of Insects Air land In the soil Parasites –Plants –Animals Freshwater Not marine???

5 Characteristics of Insects Three body regions –Head –Thorax –Abdomen Three pair of legs Open circulatory system

6 Characteristics (cont) Two pair of wings –One pair in flies –Absent in some Pair of compound eyes Spiracles for respiration

7 Centipede and Symphyla

8 Insect Evolution

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12 Chewing Mouthparts

13 Piercing Mouthparts

14 Siphoning Mouthparts

15 Sponging Mouthparts

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18 Insect abdomen Tergum Sternum Pleuralmembrane Ovipositor Cercus Spiracle

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21 Insect Excretion Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.

22 Internal Anatomy

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25 Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Complete Metamorphosis From Raven/Johnson, Biology, 3 rd ed., Copyright © 1999 The McGraw-Hill Companies.

26 Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Incomplete Metamorphosis From Hickman/Roberts/Larson, Integrated Principles of Zoology, 11 th ed., Copyright © 2001 The McGraw-Hill Companies.

27 Digger Wasp

28 Paralyzes Prey

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32 Social Insects Live in colonies Queen King Soldiers Workers

33 Insect Societies

34 Casts in a Bee Hive Queen –Lays eggs –Queen substance Worker –Builds hive –Takes care of eggs –Attends to queen –Royal jelly Drone –Fertilizes queen

35 Become a Queen!

36 Swarm New queen Leaves with part of the hive to start a new colony

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38 Honey

39 Ant Colony

40 Casts in an Ant Colony

41 Ant Pheremones Alarm Food trail

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44 Beneficial Insects Honey bee –Honey –Pollinates crops

45 Beneficial Insects Lady bug Eats harmful insects

46 Beneficial Insects Silkworm moth Lava produces silk

47 Beneficial Insects Breakdown dung

48 Beneficial Insects Blow fly Decompose dead bodies

49 Beneficial Insects Ichneumonid wasps Kill harmful insects

50 Fruit Fly Drosophila Genetics research

51 Harmful Insects Tent catepillar Pest of many trees and shrubs

52 Harmful Insects Boll weevil Destroys cotton

53 Harmful Insects Mosquitos Vector –Malaria –Yellow fever –Encephalitis –West Nile virus

54 Harmful Insects Flea Vector for –Plague

55 Xenopsylla cheopis Rat flea Vector for plague

56 Black Death killed 25,000,000 in Europe 1900’s killed 20,000,000 in India

57 Bubos

58 Plague Survivor

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60 Alexandre Yersin Discovered bacterium Yersinia pestis

61 Insect Orders

62 Order Collembela Springtails 5mm long Furcula for jumping No wings

63 Order Thysanura Firebrats No wings

64 Order Odonota Dragon flies Damsel flies Two pair of large wings

65 Order Orthoptera Grasshopper Cockroach Praying mantis Cricket

66 Order Dermaptera Earwigs Forceps-like cerci Short wings

67 Order Isoptera Termites White Broad waist Winged and wingless

68 Order Homoptera Cicada Aphids Leaf hoppers Roof-like wings

69 Order Hemiptera True bugs Front wing –Basal portion is leathery –Apical portion of wing is membranous

70 Order Coleoptera Beetles 350,000+ species Hard front wings meet midline Back wings membranous

71 Order Lepidoptera Butterflies –Knobbed antennae Moths Scales on wings Larva are catepillars

72 Order Diptera Flies Mosquitoes One pair of wings

73 Order Hymenoptera Bees Wasps Ants Four membranous wings Narrow waist

74 Order Anoplura Lice No wings Single claw Sucking mouth parts parasites

75 Order Siphonaptera Fleas Flattened laterally Spines on legs and body Parasites

76 The End