5/29 Focus: The social sciences are broken up into fields of study. Geographers use a number of tools to help them understand how location impacts the development of groups and people. Do Now: What major turning point/revolution allowed for the development of civilizations?

Final Exam Review Day 1

Final Exam Review Project Each day you will receive a Final Exam Review packet. You will be required to complete the in class review each day You will make 5 questions based on the material covered during the review for homework each night. Answers for each question are required. Review packets will be stapled together and turned in on 6/11.

Economists Study the following: Scarcity of resources What a society should produce How to produce it and for whom Distribution of goods and services

Sociologists Study society and social behavior

Archeologists Study the physical artifacts of a society

Political Scientists Study the origin, development, and operation of political systems

Historians Research, analyze, and interpret the past Use primary and secondary sources

Anthropologists Study the origin and the physical, social, and cultural development of humans

Geographers Study the connection between people and the places where they live

Which social scientist specializes in studying issues such as the scarcity of resources and availability of goods? anthropologist sociologist economist archaeologist

Which aspect of social science would a geographer most likely study in depth? how beliefs influence the behavior of a group of people how economic events influence history how location influences the way people live how people influence governmental decisions

Which social scientists are best known for studying the physical artifacts of a culture? Geographers Archaeologists economists sociologists

When studying ancient civilizations, a geographer would be most interested in looking at language as a form of expression family structure climatic influences on food production standards for leadership

Historians value the writings of Marco Polo and Ibn Battuta because they serve as primary sources about trade and culture provide the basis for European holy books include advice on how to be a democratic ruler present unbiased views of life in Africa and Asia

Geography Review Questions

Peninsula A body of land surrounded by water on three sides Italy, India, Korea, Iberian (Spain/Portugal)

Archipelago A group or chain of islands Japan

Strait A narrow body of water that connects two larger bodies of water Straits of Malacca, Bering Strait

Plains Flat lands that have only small changes in elevation Great Plains

Steepe A plain with short grasses and without trees Central Asia

Physical Maps Show landmarks such as mountains, rivers, lakes, oceans, and other geographic features

Political Maps Show lines defining countries, states, cities, or territories; show borders

Which feature would most often be shown on a political map? topography type of climate capital cities elevation

One characteristic common to these areas is that they all • Siberian Plain • Sahara Desert • Amazon Basin • Mongolian Steppes One characteristic common to these areas is that they all have a low population density are located between major river valleys are major religious centers have large areas of valuable farmland

Which heading best completes the partial outline below? I. ______________________________ A. Seafood makes up a large part of the Filipino diet. B. Africans built hydroelectric plants along the Zambezi River. C. The majority of Russians live west of the Ural Mountains. D. The most densely populated area of India is the Ganges River Valley. Rivers Are Barriers to Interdependence Economic Issues Influence National Goals Geography Affects Human Behavior Governments Control the Actions of Citizen

Which conclusion is best supported by these statements? • The fertile soil of river valleys allowed early civilizations to develop and flourish. • In the 1500s and 1600s, control of the Strait of Malacca determined who traded in the Spice Islands. • Because Japan is an island that is mostly mountainous, people live in densely populated areas along the coast. Which conclusion is best supported by these statements? Major urban centers are found only along rivers. The geography of a nation or region influences its development. Without mountains and rivers, people cannot develop a culture. The spread of new ideas is discouraged by trade and conquest.

Development of Civilizations Review Questions

Paleolithic Era Nomadic People Hunter/Gathers Simple stone tools

Neolithic Era Development of farming and domestication of animals

8 Features of Civilizations B Art/Architecture Organized Religion

8 Features of Civilizations D Cities Job Specialization

8 Features of Civilizations Government Public Works

8 Features of Civilizations G H System of Writing Social Classes

How did the introduction of agriculture affect early peoples? Societies became nomadic. Food production declined. Civilizations developed. Birthrates decreased rapidly.

Early peoples who moved frequently as they searched for the food they needed for survival are called hunters and gatherers village dwellers subsistence farmers guild members

Presence of public works, art and architecture, organized religions, and systems of writings are associated with: Economic Development in Ancient Egypt Cultural Diffusion in Mohenjo-Daro Features of the Old Stone Age Characteristics of Civilizations

The term “subsistence farmers” refers to people who grow: enough food to feed an entire village food to sell in village markets just enough food to meet the needs of the immediate family a single cash crop