Downloaded from TAMPA, FLORIDA Flight Standards District Office (813) HOURS: 8:00 - 4:30 Weekdays (except Federal holidays) Charles V. Nolan Manager

Downloaded from SPATIAL DISORIENTATION Buz Massengale Safety Program Manager Tampa, FL FSDO

Downloaded from THREE SENSORY SYSTEMS H VISION H VESTIBULAR SYSTEM H SOMATOSENSORY SYSTEM

Downloaded from LEARNING TO FLY USE BASIC ORIENTATIONUSE BASIC ORIENTATION USE ALL AVAILABLE SENSESUSE ALL AVAILABLE SENSES OUTSIDE REFERENCESOUTSIDE REFERENCES INSTRUMENT REFERENCESINSTRUMENT REFERENCES

Downloaded from VISION 90% of orientation90% of orientation Most reliable senseMost reliable sense Instrument/visual flight elementsInstrument/visual flight elements –SCAN!!! –Interpretation –Aircraft control Even reliable vision can be fooledEven reliable vision can be fooled “Optical illusions”“Optical illusions”

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Downloaded from WHICH LINE IS LONGER?

Downloaded from DO YOU SEE THE GRAY?

Downloaded from WHAT DO YOU SEE?

Downloaded from WHAT DO YOU SEE?

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Downloaded from THE DANCING ELEPHANT

Downloaded from AVIATION-RELATED VISUAL ILLUSIONS *Featureless terrain *False horizons *Ground lighting *Autokinesis *Runway width illusion *Runway slope illusion

Downloaded from AVIATION-RELATED VISUAL ILLUSIONS *Terrain elevation *Atmospheric illusions *Rotorwash drift (helicopters) *Waterfall (helicopters) *Brown/Whiteout (helicopters)

Downloaded from VESTIBULAR APPARATUS  Second method of position determination  Supports vision  Very strong in absence of vision  Detect angular accelerations (turns)  Detect linear acceleration & gravity  Two systems, located in middle ear

Downloaded from SEMICIRCULAR CANALS

Downloaded from OTOLITH ORGANS

Downloaded from SOMATOSENSORY SYSTEM “Seat of the Pants”“Seat of the Pants” Aids vision and vestibular systemsAids vision and vestibular systems Tactile pressure receptorsTactile pressure receptors Binaural hearingBinaural hearing

Downloaded from TAKE A BREAK

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SPATIAL DISORIENTATION *Humans not flight adapted *Vestibular/somatosensory backs up vision *Disorientation Inability to determine positionInability to determine position Confusion about positionConfusion about position

Downloaded from FOOLING OUR SENSES *Sickness *Drunk *Unfamiliar environment *Simulators

Downloaded from SENSORY ILLUSIONS *Sub-threshold acceleration *Straight & Level *The “Leans” *Coriolis Illusion *Somatogravic Illusion *Elevator Illusion

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SURVIVING SPATIAL DISORIENTATION  RELY ON VISION  PRACTICE INSTRUMENT FLIGHT  OUTSIDE REFERENCE IF POSSIBLE  INSTRUMENTS IF NECESSARY H SCAN H INTERPRET H CONTROL

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