Jim Holt Pollution Control Section Shelby County Health Department (SCHD) Dr. Hunter Daughtrey, Herb Jacumin, and Karen Oliver, Alion Science and Technology Mark Modrak, Keith Wagoner, and Mike Chase Arcadis US, Inc. Dr. Ram Hashmonay Environ Corporation 1 Barge Emissions Study (BES) - Memphis 2011 National Air Quality Conference Thursday, March 10, 2011

Special Thanks  Valero Refinery  Port of Memphis - Port Authority  Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA)  American Waterways Operators (AWO)  US Coast Guard  President’s Island Industrial Association  Tank Barge Industries  Maritime Security Committee Barge Emissions Study - Memphis 2

History – June 2006 Southwind Field Study  Conducted in conjunction with EPA (Headquarters, Region IV and Region VI), Tennessee Department of Environment and Conservation (TDEC), Arkansas Department of Environmental Quality (ADEQ), and local industry.  Used a “Hawk” forward-looking infrared (FLIR) camera attached to a helicopter and two hand-held FLIR cameras (on the ground) to examine, and possibly discover new VOC sources in the area. Barge Emissions Study - Memphis 3 Uncontrolled emissions from a tank barge observed using the FLIR camera in 2006.

Purpose In April 2007 the SCHD Applied and received an EPA $230,000 competitive grant to begin the process of quantifying emissions from Tank Barges. The resulting Barge Emissions Study (BES) provides an analysis of the volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and speciated air toxic emissions from tank barges carrying petrochemicals. This provides for a better understanding of this source of emissions for emissions inventories, possible risk assessment, and modeling. Barge Emissions Study - Memphis 4

Measurement Methods SUMMA Canisters A total of 44 SUMMA canisters were collected and analyzed during the BES – Memphis. Barge Emissions Study - Memphis 5

Measurement Methods FLIR GasFindIR Camera The forward- looking infrared camera (FLIR) has a nominal spectral range of 1–5.4 μ m and uses a 30 x 30 μ m InSb detector with a 320 x 240 pixel array. Barge Emissions Study - Memphis 6

Measurement Methods Open-Path Fourier Transform Infrared (OP–FTIR) Barge Emissions Study - Memphis 7

FTIR Technology Barge Emissions Study - Memphis 8

Contained: Three cube reflector mirrors Two meteorological heads Barge Emissions Study - Memphis 9 Scissors Jack

Corner Cube Reflector Barge Emissions Study - Memphis 10

Barge Emissions Study - Memphis 11 President’s Island Channel

October 8, 2009 Event McKellar/President’s Island Barge Emissions Study - Memphis 12 Uncontrolled emissions observed using the FLIR camera, and detected by the FTIR from the shore on the McKellar Lake Channel.

Valero Refinery Barge Emissions Study - Memphis 13

October 13, 2009 Event Tank Barge being filled at the Valero Refinery Barge Emissions Study - Memphis 14 Uncontrolled emissions detected by the FLIR camera from a vent on a tank barge.

Alternate Monitoring Locations Ornamental Metal Museum Barge Emissions Study - Memphis 15 Tom Lee Park Mississippi River

2009 Monitoring Schedule Barge Emissions Study - Memphis 16 Date Radial Plume Mapping FLIR CameraSUMMA Canisters September 28President ’ s Island No Monitoring September 29President ’ s Island No Monitoring September 30President ’ s Island October 1President ’ s Island October 2President ’ s Island National Ornamental Metal Museum National Ornamental Metal Museum October 3President ’ s Island October 6No Monitoring Rain No Monitoring Rain No Monitoring Rain

Barge Emissions Study - Memphis 17 Date Radial Plume Mapping FLIR CameraSUMMA Canisters October 7No Monitoring Rain National Ornamental Metal Museum Tom Lee Park October 8President’s Island October 9No Monitoring Pack Up No Monitoring Pack Up No Monitoring Pack Up October 12No Monitoring Set Up at Refinery No Monitoring Set Up at Refinery No Monitoring Set Up at Refinery October 13No Monitoring Rain Refinery Facility – AM No Monitoring in PM Rain No Monitoring Set up at Facility October 14No Monitoring in AM – Instrument Refinery Facility October 15Refinery Facility 2009 Monitoring Schedule – Cont.

Barge Emissions Study - Memphis 18 Date 1 Tanker Fuel Barge Events Grain/ Aggregate Barge Events Tug/ Service Barge Events Small Boat Events Total Events September October October October October Traffic was not recorded on September 28 or September 29 as prevailing winds were not favorable for OTM-10 measurements. Breakdown of traffic events observed at President’s Island during OTM-10 (FTIR) Measurements

Are Voluntary Emission Reductions Working? The number of barges noted with uncontrolled emissions, during the 2009 study using the FLIR camera, certainly appear to be reduced over those observed with uncontrolled emissions, during the 2006 study. Although the FLIR camera provides qualitative data, voluntary measures (Best Work Practices) certainly appear to be influencing emissions. Barge Emissions Study - Memphis 19

Are the Emissions From Tank Barges Potentially Significant? Examining the October 8, 2009 event, the emissions appear to be 1.9 g/s (average). If this source was a “stationary source” the potential to emit (PTE), which is used in stationary source permitting, would be equal to approximately 66 tons/year of volatile organic compound emissions while transporting materials for this specific tank barge. 20 Barge Emissions Study - Memphis

Next Steps and Recommendations?  Discuss with stakeholders the possibility of voluntarily increasing the pressure on relief valves on new and, if determined safe, existing tank barges.  Discuss with stakeholders the possibility of add-on controls, such as condensers, if determined safe.  Continue to examine air toxics emissions for inventory purposes, general risk assessment, and worker exposure. Barge Emissions Study - Memphis 21

Questions? Barge Emissions Study - Memphis 22 Contact: Jim Holt Assistant Manager Pollution Control Section, SCHD Phone: (901)