Glencoe: Chapter 19 Section 1 “part 1” Pages 578-580 Structure of the Atom Glencoe: Chapter 19 Section 1 “part 1” Pages 578-580

What is in Matter? Matter – anything that has mass and takes up space  Matter is made up of a single element or a combination of elements Element – matter made up of a single type of atom  all found on periodic table

What is in an atom? Atom – the smallest particle of an element that still retains the properties of the element Atoms can be broken down into smaller particles Atoms are composed of 3 subatomic (smaller than an atom) particles 1. Proton – positively charged (+) particle found in the nucleus 2. Neutron – neutrally charged particle found in the nucleus 3. Electron – negatively charged (-) particle found outside the nucleus

What is in an atom? Nucleus – small center region of an atom containing the protons and neutrons, thus is positively charged Atoms of each element contain a unique number of protons (+)  Carbon – 6 p+, Hydrogen – 1 p+ Atoms have no overall charge due to each having an equal number of protons and electrons  The equal number of opposite charges cancel / balance out to equal zero charge

Parts of an atom.

What are the smallest particles? It is thought that electrons are not made of other smaller particles. Protons and neutrons are made of smaller particles called quarks. Quarks – particles of matter that make up protons and neutrons

What are the smallest particles? Scientists have found evidence of 6 different types of quarks. It is theorized that:  3 distinct quarks combine to make a proton  3 other distinct quarks combine to make a neutron Quarks are held together by the “strong nuclear force”

What are the smallest particles? Scientists continue to study the structures of subatomic particles to see if there may be smaller particles, and how quarks, protons, neutrons, and electrons behave Scientists use particle accelerators to make particles move very fast and collide with each other Scientists then collect and study the data from the collisions

What are the smallest particles? Example: Tevatron machine at Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory in Batavia, IL  figure 2, page 580