Sponge: Set up Cornell Notes on pg. 87 Topic: 15.1 Structure of the Heart Essential Questions: NO EQ 2.1 Atoms, Ions, and Molecules 15.1 The Cardiovascular System

Introduction to the Circulatory System 1m22s

3 Chapter 15 Cardiovascular System

4 The cardiovascular system: system made up of arteries, veins, capillaries, heart, and blood The heart is a muscular organ that pumps blood through the cardiovascular system pumps 7,000 liters of blood through the body each day Contracts about 2.5 billion times in the average lifetime

Blood Circulation 2m51s 5

6 Size of Heart Average Size of Heart: 14 cm long 9 cm wide

7 Location of Heart Location of Heart: posterior to sternum medial to lungs anterior to vertebral column lies upon diaphragm

8 Blood VesselsPg. 86 Arteries Arterioles Capillaries Venules Veins

9 Blood Vessels arteries carry blood away from ventricles of heart under high pressure Subdivide into smaller tubes and eventually become areterioles arterioles (ar-tear-e-als) receive blood from arteries controls blood flow carry blood to capillaries Changes in the diameter of arteries and arterioles greatly influence blood flow and blood pressure

10 Blood Vessels capillaries smallest blood vessels Connect the smallest arterioles and the smallest venules Semipermeable (allow materials in and out) sites of exchange of substances between blood and body cells (ie. Nutrients, gases, waste) venules (ven-ules) receive blood from capillaries veins carry blood toward ventricle of heart carries blood under low pressure Can function as “blood reservoirs” in times of blood loss. They will help maintain blood pressure by returning more blood to the heart

15.2 Clinical Application Blood Vessel Disorders 1.Describe the arterial disease atherosclerosis. Why are they dangerous? 2. What are 5 risk factors for developing atherosclerosis? 3. What are some causes of an aneurysm? 4. What may happen if a person gets an aneurysm? 5. What is a pulmonary embolism? 6. What are varicose veins? How does someone get them? 11 Pg. 589

15.2 Clinical Application Blood Vessel Disorders 1.Describe the arterial disease atherosclerosis. Why are they dangerous? Deposits of fatty materials, particularly cholesterol, form within the inner lining of the arterial walls. These deposits are called plaque, and interfere with blood flow. 2. What are 5 risk factors for developing atherosclerosis? A fatty diet, elevated blood pressure, smoking, obesity, lack of exercise. 3. What are some causes of an aneurysm? Atherosclerosis, trauma, high blood pressure, infections, inherited disorders, or defects in blood vessels. 4. What may happen if a person gets an aneurysm? It may cause symptoms by pressing on nearby organs, or it may rupture and produce a great loss of blood. 5. What is a pulmonary embolism? When a blood clot forms in a deep vein detaches and lodges in the pulmonary arterial system within a lung (may lead to death) 6. What are varicose veins? How does someone get them? Irregular dilation in superficial veins, prolonged back pressure, heredity, pregnancy, obesity and standing for long periods of time. 12 Pg. 589