Properties of matter

Describe the properties of gases, liquids, solids, and plasma. Include: density, compressibility, diffusion Additional KEY Terms HomogeneousHeterogeneous Physical propertiesChemical properties ExothermicEndothermic

Matter: Anything that has mass and takes up space, or volume.

Pure substance Particles that make up a substance are all the same. Mixture Substance contains more than one kind of particle.

Elements Simplest form of matter; an atom is the smallest particle of an element. Compounds Form of matter containing two or more elements chemically bonded together. A molecule is the smallest particle of a compound.

Heterogeneous mixture - particles in are not evenly distributed and are often distinguishable. Homogeneous mixture - particles of a are evenly distributed and cannot be easily separated.

Matter has two properties: Physical properties: can be observed or tested without changing the composition of the substance. Colour Shiny or dull Brittle or malleable Density Phase (state) Conductivity - heat or current Solubility Viscosity

Chemical properties - observation or testing changes the composition of the substance. Flammable Oxidize (rust or tarnish) React with an acid H O H Na 2 H 2 O (l) + 2 Na (s)  2 NaOH (l) + H 2 (g)

A physical change involves a change in shape or a change in state of a substance. H H O H H O H H O

A chemical change is when new substances with new properties are formed - chemical reaction. There are 5 indicators of a chemical reaction: 1.A change in colour 2.A change in smell (odor) 3. Fizzing or bubbling (releasing gas)

4. A change in energy a. The container feels warmer, heat is released. We call this an exothermic change. (exo = out, therm = heat) b. The container feels cooler, heat is absorbed. We call this an endothermic change. (endo = in, therm = heat)

5. When two clear liquids are mixed, a solid forms or the mixture goes cloudy. This is called precipitate formation.

Diffusion - how easily one substance is able to move through another. Must be little interaction between particles and space for the particles to move. Substances diffuse most easily through gases > liquids > solids

Plasma - a gaseous mixture of positive ions and electrons. About 99% of all matter in the universe is plasma. (but it is rare on Earth) Examples - aurora borealis, stars and lightning bolts.

The transition from one state to another requires a change in energy.

CAN YOU / HAVE YOU? Describe the properties of gases, liquids, solids, and plasma. Include: density, compressibility, diffusion Additional KEY Terms HomogeneousHeterogeneous Physical propertiesChemical properties ExothermicEndothermic