Mediterranean Europe

Spain Portugal Italy Greece

Mediterranean Europe I. Region of tradition -home of ancient civilizations -democracy started here (Greeks) -protection of people’s rights (Rome) II. Iberian Peninsula -center of commerce since the age of exploration

II. Iberian Peninsula A. Spain 1. History -dominated by wars -first fought between the Christians and the Muslims -Spanish Inquisition

II. Iberian Peninsula A. Spain 2. Physical Characteristics

II. Iberian Peninsula A. Spain 3. Climate -mostly Mediterranean Climate -Northern Spain: plenty of rain to grow crops -Meseta: dry farming is used -Southern Spain Siroccos- hot, dry winds from Africa grow citrus fruits and olives

II. Iberian Peninsula A. Spain 4. Economic Activities -shift from agriculture to industry -major export is transportation equipment -major cities i. Bilboa: -steel town ii. Barcelona -largest port -textiles and plastic

II. Iberian Peninsula A. Spain 5. People i. heavy settlement around Madrid *hub of Spain due to its central location *problems of heavy traffic and air pollution

II. Iberian Peninsula A. Spain 5. People i. heavy settlement around Madrid *hub of Spain due to its central location *problems of heavy traffic and air pollution ii. Culture *Basques -northern Spain -practice cultural divergence -very independent *Catalon -southern Spain -speak mixture of French and Spanish

King Juan Carlos I Mariano Rajoy

II. Iberian Peninsula B. Portugal -small, compact country 1. Physical Characteristics

II. Iberian Peninsula B. Portugal 2. Economic Activities -Farming:

II. Iberian Peninsula B. Portugal 3. Trade -once traded around the world -joined the European Union in Today -similar to Spain (Republic) -moving to industry and service jobs -increasing its literacy rate

III. Italy A. Physical Characteristics

III. Italy B. People -cities are overpopulated -moving from the farm to look for jobs -high unemployment in the south -more industrial in the North C. Economic Activities -steel industry -fashion

D. Regions of Italy III. Italy North Central South European Italy Po River Valley- center of commercial industry Major cities -Milan -Turin -Genoa -Venice

III. Italy D. Regions of Italy North Central South European Italy Po River Valley- center of commercial industry Major cities -Milan -Turin -Genoa -Venice All about Rome Heavily influenced by Roman Catholic Church Other cities: Bologna Florence

III. Italy D. Regions of Italy North Central South European Italy Po River Valley- center of commercial industry Major cities -Milan -Turin -Genoa -Venice All about Rome Heavily influenced by Roman Catholic Church Other cities: Bologna Florence Mezzogiorno Poor region Many have migrated to the North Naples: major city

III. Italy E. History BC: -village of Rome grows to become the Roman Empire ’s AD: -Roman Empire collapsed -city-states develop and become major centers of trade ’s: -Renaissance -began in Florence and soon spread to all of Europe

III. Italy E. History : -Italy becomes a unified nation -led by Giuseppe Garibaldi 5. Today: -Parliamentary Government

IV. Greece A.People and Environments -land of over 2,000 islands -3/4 th of the land is mountainous

IV. Greece A.People and Environments 1. Economic Activities -lack natural resources -few mineral resources -mainly : sheep herding grow wheat, olives, citrus fruit -only 1/5 th of the land can be farmed -largest shipping fleet in the world -tourism -fishing

IV. Greece A.People and Environments 2. urban v. rural a. urban Athens: ~1/3 rd of the population lives here ~mix of old and new ~heavy traffic and air pollution

IV. Greece A.People and Environments 2. urban v. rural b. rural -largely unchanged from the past -live in isolated mountain villages -grow crops and raise sheep -village life centers around the village square

IV. Greece B.History -birthplace of Western culture 1.Ancient Greece -beginning of theater, philosophy, and democracy -new forms of literature -advances in geometry -Alexander the Great: -spread Greek culture throughout the Mediterranean area

IV. Greece B.History 2. Romans and the Turks i. lived under Roman rule for 300 yrs. ii. A.D. 400: became a part of the Eastern Roman Empire (Byzantium Empire) iii. 1300’s-1400’s: -taken over by the Muslim Turks -allowed to remain Christian

IV. Greece B.History 3. Independent Greece -1829: gained their independence - became a monarchy - very unstable government : military dictatorship - democracy today (Third Hellenic Republic)

IV. Greece C.Culture 1. Language and Religion -still speak a variation of ancient Greek - most people belong to the Greek Orthodox Church 2. Customs - family-oriented