1 Recent Developments on the Korean Peninsula 20 November 2007 St. Antony’s JCR Ambassadorial Seminar Dr Cho, Yoon-Je Ambassador of the Republic of Korea

2 Brief History of the Korean Peninsula Brief History of the Korean Peninsula Different Paths Followed by the Two Koreas Different Paths Followed by the Two Koreas Recent Developments in Inter-Korean Relations Recent Developments in Inter-Korean Relations North Korean Nuclear Issue North Korean Nuclear Issue Future of the Korean Peninsula Future of the Korean Peninsula ContentsContents

3 Brief History of Korea : a country with five - thousand years of history Kingdom of Gojoseon(National Foundation in BC 2333) BC18 ~ AD676 Three Kingdoms 676 ~ 918 Kingdom of Silla : the first unified dynasty 918 ~ 1392 Goryeo Dynasty 1392 ~ 1910 Joseon Dynasty 1910 ~ 1945 Japanese occupation 1945 Division of Korea into South and North 1950 ~ 1953 Korean War * South Korea : 1 million civilians / 630 thousand soldiers * North Korea : 1.5 million civilians / 800 thousand soldiers 1953 ~ Technically still at war, the world’s most militarily congested area

4 Different Paths Followed by the Two Koreas Since 1945

5 North Korea Communist system Communist system The world most isolated regime & economic backwardness The world most isolated regime & economic backwardness Dictatorship and human rights issues Dictatorship and human rights issues Nuclear development & ‘military-first policy’ Nuclear development & ‘military-first policy’

6 12 th largest economy (member of OECD) 12 th largest economy (member of OECD) 12 th largest trading country 12 th largest trading country 11 th in global competitiveness (WEF 2007) 11 th in global competitiveness (WEF 2007) 1 st in university enrollment 1 st in university enrollment 1 st in broadband penetration (90% of households) 1 st in broadband penetration (90% of households) Fully democratized political system Fully democratized political system 12 th largest economy (member of OECD) 12 th largest economy (member of OECD) 12 th largest trading country 12 th largest trading country 11 th in global competitiveness (WEF 2007) 11 th in global competitiveness (WEF 2007) 1 st in university enrollment 1 st in university enrollment 1 st in broadband penetration (90% of households) 1 st in broadband penetration (90% of households) Fully democratized political system Fully democratized political system South Korea One of the most successful postwar economic and political development cases

%10.8%22.1%38.3%11.1%3.9%5.1% Market share Ranking D-RAM: 1 st (49.4%), TFT-LCD: 1 st (42%) Major Exports (2006, $US billion) AutomobileSemi- conductor Cell phoneShip-building Home AppliancesSteel Petro-chemical South Korea’s International Competitiveness

8 Night Image of the Two Koreas After Five Decades

9 South Korea’s Contribution to Peace and Stability Increasing development assistance Increasing development assistance Expanding UN peace keeping operations Expanding UN peace keeping operations

10 Recent Developments in Inter-Korean Relations Recent Developments in Inter-Korean Relations

11 South Korea’s Policy Towards North Korea From confrontation to reconciliation From confrontation to reconciliation Engagement policy of North Korea during the last decade Engagement policy of North Korea during the last decade · dialogue and cooperation · confidence building · peaceful coexistence · prosperity on the Korean Peninsula and Northeast Asia Peaceful and gradual process of unification Peaceful and gradual process of unification

12 Humanitarian assistance Humanitarian assistance · South Korea is the biggest donor county to the North People’s exchanges People’s exchanges · In 2005, 88,000 South Koreans visited the North (more than the total number of visitors during the previous five decades) · 1.5m South Korean tourists to Mt. Geumgang since 1998 Inter-Korean Relations

13 Economic cooperation Economic cooperation · Inter-Korean trade volume : 1.35 billion US dollars (South Korea has become the 2 nd largest trading partner of the North within a decade) * North Korea’s Trade Volume : 4 billion US dollars · Gaeseong Industrial Complex : a collaborative project Economic cooperation Economic cooperation · Inter-Korean trade volume : 1.35 billion US dollars (South Korea has become the 2 nd largest trading partner of the North within a decade) * North Korea’s Trade Volume : 4 billion US dollars · Gaeseong Industrial Complex : a collaborative project Gaeseong, the city next to the DMZ

14 Inter-Korean Summit Meetings (2000 and 2007) Major results of the 2007 Summit Major results of the 2007 Summit (peace building) · cooperation on denuclearization and establishment of a peace regime · reduction of military tension and the holding of a defense ministers’ meeting · holding Prime Minister’s meeting (economic cooperation) · creating a Special Peace and Cooperation Zone in the West Sea · constructing ship-building complexes and repairing roads · expanding Gaeseong Industrial Complex (reconciliation) · expanding the reunion of separated families · promoting exchanges and cooperation in social and cultural areas

15 North Korean Nuclear Issue 6 Party talks : Two Koreas, US, Japan, China, Russia 6 Party talks : Two Koreas, US, Japan, China, Russia Progress Progress (North Korea’s action to be taken by the end of 2007) · disable key nuclear facilities · provide a complete and correct declaration of all its nuclear programs (other Six Party’s action) · economic and energy assistance up to the equivalent of 1 million tons of heavy fuel oil · discuss normalization of US-North Korea relations, Japan-North Korea relations

16 (future course of action) · hold a Six Party Ministerial Meeting · dismantle North Korea’s nuclear facilities Long-term Goals Long-term Goals · to establish a permanent peace regime on the Korean Peninsula · to develop a multilateral security forum in Northeast Asia North Korean Nuclear Issue

17 Mutually Reinforcing Mechanisms 6 Party Talks Inter-Korean Dialogue

18 Future of the Korean Peninsula Korean Peninsula : core element for peace and stability of Northeast Asia Korean Peninsula : core element for peace and stability of Northeast Asia Unified Korea : a liberal democratic country with an open economy Unified Korea : a liberal democratic country with an open economy Greater role for world peace and prosperity Greater role for world peace and prosperity

19 Thank you