GREECE

GREECE GEOGRAPHY

The Sea –Greece is a peninsula surrounded by the sea. GREECE GEOGRAPHY

The Sea –Greece is a peninsula surrounded by the sea. –Traded with other societies because they did not many natural resources.

GREECE GEOGRAPHY The Sea –Greece is a peninsula surrounded by the sea. –Traded with other societies because they did not many natural resources. –Used a travel method called island hopping to travel across the sea.

GREECE GEOGRAPHY Island Hopping

GREECE GEOGRAPHY The Land

GREECE GEOGRAPHY The Land –Rugged mountains cover three-fourths of ancient Greece.

GREECE GEOGRAPHY The Land –Rugged mountains cover three-fourths of ancient Greece. –Independent city-states developed because the mountains keep the communities separate.

GREECE GEOGRAPHY The Climate

GREECE GEOGRAPHY The Climate –The temperature is moderate and it only rains in the winter. Avg. temps: –48˚ winter, –80˚ summer Developed an outdoor culture for Greek males –Exs: meetings, discussions

GREECE GEOGRAPHY The Climate –The temperature is moderate and it only rains in the winter. –Most Greek societies spent the majority of their time outside because of the favorable climate.

GREECE GEOGRAPHY The Climate –The temperature is moderate and it only rains in the winter. –Most Greek societies spent the majority of their time outside because of the favorable climate. –Men spent most of their lives outdoors at the agoras, gyms, and political meetings or at the theater, civic or religious celebrations.

GREECE Mycenaeans

GREECE –Ancient Greek civilization who controlled most of the peninsula.

GREECE Mycenaeans –Ancient Greek civilization who controlled most of the peninsula. –Traded across the seas (influenced by Minoans)

GREECE Mycenaeans –Ancient Greek civilization who controlled most of the peninsula. –Traded across the seas (influenced by Minoans) –Greeks made contact with many societies across the Mediterranean Sea

GREECE Mycenaeans –Ancient Greek civilization who controlled most of the peninsula. –Traded across the seas (influenced by Minoans) –Greeks made contact with many societies across the Mediterranean Sea –Population increases forced Greek societies to develop colonies in neighboring lands

GREECE Mycenaeans –Ancient Greek civilization who controlled most of the peninsula. –Traded across the seas (influenced by Minoans) –Greeks made contact with many societies across the Mediterranean Sea –Population increases forced Greek societies to develop colonies in neighboring lands –The Greeks also went to war with neighboring societies and their colonies.

GREECE Trojan War

GREECE –10 year battle between Mycenaeans and Troy

GREECE Trojan War –10 year battle between Mycenaeans and Troy –The battle ends when the Mycenaeans sneak into Troy aboard a giant fake horse.

GREECE Trojan War –10 year battle between Mycenaeans and Troy –The battle ends when the Mycenaeans sneak into Troy aboard a giant fake horse. –Fact or Fiction?

GREECE Dark Ages (1150 – 750 B.C.)

GREECE –No written records exist from this time period.

GREECE Dark Ages (1150 – 750 B.C.) –No written records exist from this time period. –History and information was passed through oral tradition (ex. epics and myths)

GREEK SOCIETY After the Dark Ages, the “polis” developed - that is a city-state (a city and its surrounding land). All citizens (free adult land-owning males) were expected to serve the polis –Meetings were held in the agora (market place) or the Acropolis (the fortified hilltop). –Armies of citizens formed and made iron weapons.

GREEK SOCIETY –Every citizen was expected to be a soldier for his polis. –Hoplites (foot soldiers with armor, spear, and shield) developed. –The phalanx developed - the most powerful fighting machine of its day.

Greek City-State (Polis)

GREEK SOCIETY City-State (Polis) –Fundamental political unit in ancient Greece

GREEK SOCIETY City-State (Polis) –Fundamental political unit in ancient Greece –Central urban area for surrounding countryside

GREEK SOCIETY City-State (Polis) –Fundamental political unit in ancient Greece –Central urban area for surrounding countryside –Citizens discussed government issues at the agora

GREEK SOCIETY Citizenship

GREEK SOCIETY Citizenship –Adult Male Landowners

GREEK SOCIETY Citizenship –Adult Male Landowners –Gave input into government issues

GREEK SOCIETY Citizenship –Adult Male Landowners –Gave input into government issues –Served in the military in times of war

GREEK SOCIETY Citizenship –Adult Male Landowners –Gave input into government issues –Served in the military in times of war –Wealthy citizens began their formal education at the age of seven

GREEK RELIGION The Olympics were held in honor of the gods The Greeks imagined their gods to be a lot like humans They had their passions/weaknesses (love, hate, fear, jealousy) They were quarrelsome, but they were immortal. Greeks developed myths about their gods and goddesses and used these myths to understand the mysteries of nature/life.

GREEK PHILOSOPHERS GREEK PHILOSOPHERS Socrates Aristotle Plato

ATHENS

ATHENS Early Government

ATHENS –Oligarchy – governments ruled by a few powerful people

ATHENS Form a Democracy –Draco introduces a legal code to make all Athenians equal under the law

ATHENS Form a Democracy –Draco introduces a legal code to make all Athenians equal under the law. –Solon outlaws debt slavery and organized Athenian citizens into four social classes according to wealth.

ATHENS Form a Democracy –Draco introduces a legal code to make all Athenians equal under the law. –Solon (594 B.C.) outlaws debt slavery and organized Athenian citizens into four social classes according to wealth. –Cleisthenes (508 B.C.) allowed all citizens to submit laws for debate and passage. He creates the Council of Five Hundred. This creates a limited democracy in Athens.

GREEK ARCHITECTURE

GREEK ART

ATHENS Women had few rights in Athens.

ATHENS –No Voting –No testifying in court without a male representative –Must remain in the house –Adulterers were put to death

SPARTA Spartans worked to create a strong city-state: –only healthy children were allowed to live –boys were trained for the army at 7 –life in army training was harsh to toughen the soldiers up –men remained in the army until the age of 30; then in reserves –women were healthy and vigorous; exercised and played sports; could not vote –created such a strong army, left little time to be creative in the arts – military valued duty, strength, and discipline.

GREEK SOLDIER

GREEK PHALANX