Islam 7/2013Izydorczak1

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Arabian Peninsula Geography Saudi Arabia, Yemen, Oman, Bahrain, Kuwait, Qatar, United Arab Emirates 7/2013Izydorczak3

Arabian Peninsula Geography 7/2013Izydorczak4

Arabian Peninsula Geography Trade – Merchants from the North brought goods to Arabia along with ideas 7/2013Izydorczak5

Arabs = nomadic bedouins, Semitic speaking people who lived in Arabian Peninsula Hostile surroundings made the Arabs move constantly to continue to feed their animals Arabs organized into independent tribes to help each other with difficult lives Early Arabs herded sheep & farmed on the Arabian peninsula After domestication of camel, expanded caravan trade from between Persian gulf & Mediterranean Arabs 7/2013Izydorczak6

Arabs Early Arabs were polytheistic, Allah = main god Traced their ancestry to Abraham & his son Ishmael, who were believed to have built a shrine called the Kaaba at Mecca Black Stone, cornerstone of Kaaba, revered for its association with Abraham 7/2013Izydorczak7

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Born into merchant family in Mecca, orphaned early Became a caravan merchant & married his boss, a rich widow named Khadija Muhammad was troubled with gap between the greedy rich & honest poor Muhammad went into mountains to meditate on the issue While meditating, Muhammad received revelation from God through the angel Gabriel 7/2013Izydorczak9

Preached Allah was the one and only god (monotheistic). His teachings were called Islam and its followers called Muslims. Hijrah- the Prophet Muhammad’s migration (ad 622) from Mecca to Medina in order to escape persecution 7/2013Izydorczak10

Islamic house of worship The code of law derived from the Koran and from the teachings and example of Mohammed. 7/2013Izydorczak11

The holy book of Islam. The way of life prescribed as normative for Muslims on the basis of the teachings and practices of Muhammad and interpretations of the Koran 7/2013Izydorczak12

Five Pillars of Islam : these are obligations of every Muslim that uphold the structure of Islam. tashahhud : Faith or belief in the Oneness of God and the finality of the prophethood Muhammad salat : Five-times-daily prayers. Starting at just before sunrise, just after noon, midafternoon, just after sunset, and after nightfall zakat : Concern for almsgiving to the needy sawm : Self-purification through fasting. This usually done from before sunrise to sunset each day of Ramadan, the ninth month of the Muslim calendar hajj : The pilgrimage to Mecca for those who are able. 7/2013Izydorczak13

Koran Sharia Law Dietary (No Pork, Ramadan (Fasting) No Gambling No Alcohol Heaven Spread Islam Protect Islam (Jihad) Holy War see Golden Age Monotheistic Heaven Judgment Mohammed Allah Gabriel Prophets Abraham (2 sons) Isaac and Ishmael (father of Arab race) 7/2013Izydorczak14

Stitches Vaccines C-sections Remove Cataracts Medical Encyclopedias Islamic hospitals were better and more advanced than European ones Located and controlled N. Africa & Middle East Controlled the “Silk Road” Trade made Islamic Empires/Civilization wealthy Only boys had formal education Preserved Greek & Roman teachings (translated into Arabic) Excellent Mathematics (Algebra/Geometry) Number system with zero Trade influenced many accomplishments Compass Astrolabe (improved) Excellent mapmakers (Cartographer) Folk Tales Poetry Arabian Nights (short stories) 7/2013Izydorczak15

Sunni Sunni - the largest branch of Islam, comprising at least 85% of the world's 1.5 billion Muslims. Allowed Caliphs (rulers after the death of Muhammad) to be people who follow Mohammed’s example called the sunna. 7/2013Izydorczak16

Shiite Shiite - the second largest denomination of Islam. Muhammad's family, and certain individuals among his descendants, who are known as Imams, have special spiritual and political rule over the community. 7/2013Izydorczak17

Charles Martel 7/2013Izydorczak18

Christian leader who defeated the Spanish Muslims Charles Martel 7/2013Izydorczak19

Spanish MuslimsMoors 7/2013Izydorczak20

Battle of Tours Where Charles Martel defeated the Spanish Muslims (Tours, France), stopped the spreading of Islam 7/2013Izydorczak21

Battle of Tours 7/2013Izydorczak22