Muhammad Mohammed Battle of Tours in Spain More trade= more cultural diffusion from Middle East to Europe and China Ten commandments Bell Ringer What are the Codes of Conduct for Christians and Jews called? What is the MAJOR long term Effect of the Crusades? The Muslim advance was halted at what Battle? Who was the founder of Islam?

Islam’s Golden Age

Review Founder` Holy BookQuran, Qu’ran, Koran LocationArabian Peninsula Code of ConductFive Pillars Place of WorshipMosques How many god(s)? Monotheistic-- one

Five Pillars 1)“There is no God but Allah, and Mohammed is His prophet” 2)Pray 5 times daily towards Mecca 3)Charity for the poor 4)Fast during the month of Ramadan 5)Pilgrimage (the Hajj)

No Icons Muslims are forbidden to use human images in religious art. They do not even have a drawing or representation of Allah or Mohammed. Some secular art depict Muslims praying and images of humans. Instead of human figures Muslims use flowing calligraphy and geometric shapes

Important people C ali ph: Successor of Muhammad; leader of religious community Imam: Leader of prayer Muezzin: Caller to prayer

Spread of Islam After Muhammad's death Islamic leaders began spreading Islam through military conquest. In under 100 years the Islamic empire spread from the Arabian peninsula to India, North Africa and Spain

Fast Spread The Muslims were able to quickly take over for 3 main reasons: 1)Strong military 2)Weak empires 3)Faith

Strong Military The Muslims developed strong militaries with mounted warriors. Riding on camels and horses, the Muslims were able to take over the weak empires surrounding them. The Muslims were highly Mobile- they move quickly

Weak Empires The Persian and Byzantine empires were growing weak after many years of dominance. The Muslims were able to quickly move throughout the Mediterranean world

Faith Muhammad told his followers to spread their faith. Though he claimed it should be done without force. Many people freely converted to Islam Warriors were also told that the Fallen would be guaranteed a place in paradise.

Schism Schism: A permanent split within a religion After Muhammad’s death there was a debate over who should lead the Muslims Some believed it should be a descendant of Muhammad. Others believed the Islamic community should decide.

Which is the Majority? Green: Sunni Blue: Shiite

Sunni vs. Shiite SunniBothShiite Caliph should be chosen by the community Majority of Muslims: 90% Monotheistic: Allah Quran Five Pillars Caliph should be a descendant of Muhammad Martyrs for their cause

Sharia Law Over time Islamic scholars and officials created Sharia Law. This law code was determined from the teachings of Muhammad and traditional beliefs. Sharia law dictates moral conduct, family life, business rules, and government Religious and secular together

West vs. Sharia Sharia law is widely misunderstood by the West. Most Westerners are appalled by the acts of brutality carried out under Sharia Law. They are also shocked by the restrictions on women and children.

Ruling Dynasties Abbassids CE -Conquered Damascus and overthrew the Umayyad dynasty -Reforms and strong central government brought in a Golden Age

Islam’s Golden Age Blend of Persian, Egyptian, Arabic and European cultures Cultural diffusion was sparked by trade. Muslim merchants were highly honored and build vast trading networks. As they traded Islam was spread, and all Muslims spoke Arabic, making trade easier Goods would travel from the Arabian peninsula to the East and West  Arabic numerals  Arabian Peninsula  sugar 

Islam Golden Age- Art/architecture Art: -No human images- used geometric shapes -Flowing Arabic script written in calligraphy Architecture: -Mosques are built with elaborate Domes and Spires

Islam Golden Age- Literature Great poems and Epics were spread through generations orally. Over time many of these stories are written down. The most famous collection is One Thousand and One Nights This collection includes Aladdin and Ali Baba and the Forty Thieves 6:15

Islam Golden Age- Learning Baghdad becomes a center of learning Muslim scholars studied the classics of Greek Philosophy Developed Algebra Used math to discover the circumference of the World What does circumference mean? What does it tell you that the Arab scholars figured out the World’s circumference?

Islam Golden Age- Medicine Muslim doctors were required to get educated and earn a license before practicing medicine. The Government paid for hospitals and medical centers The Arabs discovered over 4,000 ways to treat illness While the Muslim doctors made medical advances, the European doctors were still stuck in the Middle Ages. Islamic doctors treated wounds with medicine, herbs and skill. European doctors drained blood and cut off limbs