The earthquake induced landslide geohazard: development of a ground and space integrated monitoring experiment at Sea of Marmara Supersite Pascal Bigarre (Ineris), Semih Ergintav (Tubitak) Supersites Coordination Workshop “Key technologies for the monitoring of geologically active regions prone to natural hazards” session

The earthquake induced landslide geohazard M 6.7 Northridge, 1994, California Thrust, 19 km deep> > 24 km 2 Harp & Jibson, 1995 M 7.6 Chi-chi, 1999, Taiwan 100 km N-S fault segment > > 150 km 2 Lin et al, 2000 M 8 Wenchuan, 2008,Thrust, 20 km deep> > km 2 Dai et al, 2011 M 7 Haiti, 2010Thrust, 12 km deep,> > km 2 USGS Earthquake induced landslides directly caused fatalities. produced extensive damage to housing, buildings, infrastructures and lifelines. They may isolate entire zones, perturbing rescue and relief efforts.

The Sea of Marmara In Turkey total loss caused by landslides in terms of affected buildings constitutes 27% of the entire loss from all natural hazards (Duman, 2005), especially in the seismically active NAF Zone (Gokceoglu, 2005) The 17 August 1999 Mw 7.4 Kocaeli earthquake caused extensive landslides, subsidences and liquefaction-induced ground deformations along the coast of Izmit Bay (Cetin, 2004) Numerous tsunami occurrences are historically related to the earthquakes in the segments of the WNAF (Altinok, 2000) Major submarine mass wasting - landslides have been observed and mapped from high resolution surveys (Gazioglu, 2005) Tsunami effects were observed and measured during the 1999 post-event surveys in several places along both the northern and the southern coasts of the Izmit bay (Tinti & al, 2006)

the westward Metropolitan Aera of Istanbul

Recent activity

The entrance of the gulf of Izmith

Marsite - WP6 8 Partners involved: IU, TUBITAK, ITU, INERIS, IFSTTAR-La Sapienza, U.PAVIA, INGV, CNR-ISMAR Among objectives :  Investigate further an already constrained regional landslide – on shore & off shore - and seismic prone area including in situ and space monitoring  Improve our scientific understanding in landslide triggers : heavy rainfalls and strong shaking  Prototype an EWS for those geohazards

Numerous previous studies and relevant bibliography. Pre-existent landslide data for this area of interest include :  Geologic and geomorphologic data :Landslide GIS (hr dem, shape files)  In situ geophysical investigations : Amplification map, seismic profiles  Small earthquakes from weak motion stations, PGA data and waveforms related to 1999 earthquakes, regional GPS data  Impact of Structural framework  Landslide recent activity (-> 2000 – 2012)  Morpho-Bathymetry, seismic profiles  &c The Avcilar Peninsula : a well-constrained area

TBB IMT-Tubitak project landslide hazard includes more than 4000 m of drilling through 69 subsurface and deep boreholes  Coupling the Marsite WP6 – TBB projects  Selection of pilot site candidate(s) for evaluation of multi-parameter monitoring techniques TBB Project Geotechnical characterization Boreholes available Drill cores - Lab tests  Natural Water Content  Particle Size Analysis  Atterberg Limits  Specific Weight  Consolidate Test  Shear Test (CU or CD)  Triaxial Test (CU oe CD) Instrumentation  Inclinometry  Water table

Scenario (INERIS, IU, TUBITAK): Surface : METEORIC, GPS-DISPLACEMENT, WATER CONTENT, &c Borehole WATER TABLE, ACCELERATIONS, INCLINOMETRY Collecting – sharing data to study displacements and deformations versus rainfall, watertable, seismic ground accelerations

e.cenaris infrastructure : easy open access to multi-parameter ground monitoring dataset to the partners - seamless catalogues and time series, sesimogams, pre-processed data, maps, etc - metadata related to the instrumentation and Technical and field documentation – photos - reports - hazard mapping

Field surveys GeologyGeomorphologyHydrology Structural faulting Historic – recent activity GeophysicsGeotechnical Dynamic Susceptibility Analysis & mapping Meteorology Seismic shaking Monitoring Geotechnical Meteorology Hydrology Seismic shaking Geodesy GPS Dinsar - DGSD Hyperstpectral Data Static Susceptibility Analysis & Mapping periodic Permanent Risk Early Warning Low Medium High Modelling Present activity

Expected Outputs Synergy with TBB project and other close implemented Stackholders : T.R. Ministry of Environment and Urbanism, Metropolitan Municipalities, Disaster Affairs General Directorate, &c In straight collaboration with other Marsite WPs (5, 9, &c), other Supersites projects :and EPOS project, it is expected to provide for : Better knowledge of earthquake induced landslide mechanisms and enhanced hazard assessement tools, including interactions between faults and observed landslides. Access to a coherent multidisciplinary dataset related to landslide geohazard, including dynamic GIS database for susceptibility mapping of seismic triggerred landslide An integrated solution combining ground and space monitoring technologies applied to the landslide geohazard and based on a pre-existing infrastructure Useful contribution to prevention, preparedness and risk management, especially urban planning – realization and transformations

Thank you for your attention