By: Alyssa Ayala, Cassidy Cain, & Jen Fahr OTTOMAN EMPIRE

 Establishment  The Creation  Location  Period of Time it Existed  Religion  Impact on Europe  Foreign Relations  The Rising of the Ottoman Empire  The Golden Age ( )  The Downfall of the Ottoman Empire  Significance of the Ottoman Empire THE OTTOMAN EMPIRE

 Othman (Osman) founded the Ottoman Empire around 1307  Turkish tribal chief  Founded the dynasty called Osmanli (Sons of Osman)  Seljuks- strongest tribe of the Turks who established themselves in Asia minor  The Mongols defeated the Seljuks in 1283 and Othman emerged as the leader of the Turks in the fight against the Byzantine Empire ESTABLISHMENT

 This empire was created by Turkish tribes in Anatolia  It emerged in Asia Minor after the breakdown of the empire of the Seljuk Turks  Ottoman Turks began to take over the other states and ending all other Turkish dynasties  The Ottomans achieved many victories and were able to place large parts of the Balkan Peninsula under their rule  Ottoman’s now have a stable empire THE CREATION

 Ruled parts of southeastern Europe, the Middle East, and East Africa for more than 600 years  Includes Anatolia, the Balkans, Crimea, Hungary, parts of Syria, Arabia, and North Africa LOCATION

 Existed form  One of the largest and longest lasting Empires in the world  Stayed a strong empire because it was ruled by a single family for 7 centuries  Reached it’s height from  Began to decline in 1571  1922 the sultan was overthrown ending the empire PERIOD OF TIME IT EXISTED

 Main religion was Islam  Islamic ideals and laws form the basis of their society, government, and law  The Suleiman was regarded as the religious leader of Islam and Muslims  Other religions were ensured protection in the empire RELIGION

 Many European countries ignored the expansion of the Ottoman Empire  They viewed the Turks as a threat to Christian civilization  People, such as Luther and Desiderius Erasmus, saw the Turks as a sign of God’s anger toward Europe  They urged for repentance and reform  The Ottoman Turks became less of a concern to Europe as the Renaissance continued IMPACT ON EUROPE

 Military alliance with France, England, and the Netherlands  Wars against Habsburg Spain, Italy, and Habsburg Austria FOREIGN RELATIONS

 1. Gained landed in the northwest corner of the Anatolian Peninsula by the Seljuk Turks due to their assistance in fighting the Mongols  2. Expanded westward to control Bosporus and the Dardanelles, which were two straits that connected the Black Sea and the Aegean Sea. (Byzantine Empire previously controlled this land)  3. They expanded into the Balkans  Ottoman rulers claimed the name of sultan and built a strong military by developing an elite guard called janissaries  4. New Technology  Janissaries used firearms to spread the Ottoman Empire  defeated the Serbs and annexed Bulgaria THE RISE OF THE OTTOMAN EMPIRE

 Three sultans ruled the Ottoman Empire at its height:  Beyazid ( )- extended empire into Europe, added outposts to the Black Sea, put down revolts in Asia Minor, and turned the Ottoman Fleet into a major Mediterranean naval power  Selim ( )- eliminated all competition for his position, established control over the army, and moved south and eastward into Syria, Mesopotamia, Arabia, and Egypt  Suleyman I the Magnificient ( )- captured Belgrade in 1521, captured Rhodes in 1522, broke military power of Hungary, and waged three campaigns against Persia THE GOLDEN AGE ( )

 The Battle of Lepanto (1571)  Beginning of the downfall  Conflict between the Ottoman and Habsburg empires extended to Mediterranean Sea  Turkish navy fought against Spain and Venice  Destruction of the Turkish fleet  Government  Became weaker and parts of the empire began to act independently  Murad III (Ruled ) the Caucasus were conquered and Azerbaijan seized  Ottomans were driven out of the Caucasus and Azerbaijan in 1603 and out of Iraq in 1604 THE DOWNFALL OF THE OTTOMAN EMPIRE

 Ottomans were at war with European enemies for 41 years  Lost Blakan territory and all possessions on shores of the Black Sea  Selim II (ruled ) attempted to reform empire and navy but he failed and was overthrown  Mahmud II (ruled ) empire was in desperate straits  “Sick Man of Europe” ( )  Ottomans forced to sign the Treaty of San Stefano which would end their rule in Europe except for Congress of Berlin  Abdulhamid II (ruled ) developed strong ties with Germany and fought on their side in World War I  Mohammed VI fled in 1922 after the sultanate was abolished THE DOWNFALL OF THE OTTOMAN EMPIRE

 Universalized the civilizations of East and West  Influenced Islamic religions in the Middle East and Persia  Provided a strong and organized military  Had a centralized political structure  One of the largest, longest lasting and most successful empires SIGNIFICANCE OF THE OTTOMAN EMPIRE

 "Ottoman Empire." Gale Encyclopedia of World History: Governments. Vol. 1. Detroit: Gale, Gale Virtual Reference Library. Web. 7 Mar  "Ottoman Empire." Renaissance: An Encyclopedia for Students. Ed. Paul F. Grendler. Vol. 3. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, Gale Virtual Reference Library. Web. 7 Mar  "Ottomans and Ottoman Empire." The Middle Ages: An Encyclopedia for Students. Ed. William Chester Jordan. Vol. 3. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, Gale Virtual Reference Library. Web. 7 Mar  "Introduction to the Rise and Fall of the Ottoman Empire (Fourteenth to Seventeenth Centuries)." Gale Encyclopedia of World History: War. Vol. 1. Detroit: Gale, Gale Virtual Reference Library. Web. 7 Mar      BIBLIOGRAPHY