Chapter 29.1 The Physical Geography of South East Asia The Land Group 1: Sofia Carlos Gilynne Ganas Samantha Antonio Melany Meim Medalyn Rocha Makaila Hawley

Objectives Explain how tectonic plate movement volcanic activity & earthquakes form Southeast Asia Asses the importance of the region waterways & natural resources

Terms To Know Cordillera Archipelago Insular Flora Fauna

Places to Locate Indochina Peninsula Malay Peninsula Annam Cordillera Irrawaddy River Chao Phraya River Red River Mekong River

Peninsulas and Islands -Eurasian, Philippine, & Indo-Australian and tectonic plates formed southeast Asia. - Parallel mountain ranged and plateaus called cordilleras extend in to the Indochina peninsula. -Volcanoes and earth quakes created archipelagos which are a group of islands. -Mountainous terrain with tropical climate -Indochina peninsula and Malay peninsula make up mainland Southeast Asia. -Malay archipelago, also known as the East indies, lies on the south and east. Side of the region. -Malay archipelago has 20,00 islands and stretches from the Indian Ocean to the Pacific.

Mainland Southeast Asia -about ½ of the 11 countries in the region are on the mainland, the rest are islands countries. -Malaysia is both island and the mainland country. -Laos is the only country without a coast line in the region. -4 main land countries are Vietnam, Laos, Cambodia and Myanmar (Burma)- Lie on the Indochina peninsula. -Malaysia shares the Malay peninsula with Thailand. -The rest of Malaysia is on the Borneo island east of the Malay peninsula

Island Southeast Asia - Insular, -island-countries of the region include: Brunei, East Timor, Indonesia, Singapore and the Philippines. - Indonesia is the largest island country of the region 13,500 + islands 3,000 miles and two oceans. ( India/Pacific) East Timor became independent from Indonesia. - Singapore- 1 big island and 50 small ones are the southern tip of Malay Peninsula, capital is on the big island and is named Singapore. - 7,000+ island create the Philippines-900 are settled and the 11 account 95% of the country’s area. - Indonesia, Singapore and the Philippines have unnamed islands.

Physical Features Cordilleras loom above fertile fields. Rivers create transportation routes through lush vegetation. Majestic volcanoes add to the scenery. These physical features create Southeast Asia’s colorful and varied landscapes. rice fields in terraces of the cordilleras

Mountains Mountains dominate Southeast Asian landscapes, although most peaks crest below 10,000 feet. Throughout the region these mountains create geographic and political boundaries. The Indochina Peninsula’s western and northern highlands separate the region from India and China. To the south, forming natural barriers between and within mainland Southeast Asian countries. Mountains on Southeast Asia’s islands form part of the Ring of Fire, an area of volcanic and earthquake activity roughly surrounding the Pacific Ocean. East Asias highest mountain, Mt. Yushan

Mountains (continued) These parallel mountain ranges include the Arakan Yoma range in western Myanmar; the Bilauktaung Range, which runs along the border between Myanmar and Thailand; and the Annam Cordillera, the mountain range that separates Vietnam from Laos and Cambodia. These mountains are actually volcanoes, many of which are still active. Some islands of Indonesia and the Philippines are marked with craters formed by these volcanoes. Mineral-rich volcanic material that has broken down over the centuries has left rich, fertile soil, making Southeast Asia’s islands highly productive agricultural areas.

Volcanoes of Indonesia and The Philippines 327 volcanoes stretch across Indonesia. Jana, an Indonesian island, is one of the Ring of Fire’s most active areas. This geological hot spot is home to 17 of Indonesia’s 100 active volcanoes. In 1883, the eruption of Krakatau in Indonesian caused massive destruction and great loss of life. To avoid a repeat of such disastrous consequences, observers in Java monitor volcanic activity, prepared to alert the population when an eruption threatens. Some scientists believe that the 1991 eruption of Mount Pinatubo was the twentieth century’s most powerful eruption. Located 55 miles north of the Philippines capital of Manila, Mount Pinatubo churned out lava that severely damaged the town of Angeles. The Volcano also blanketed the United State’s Clark Air Force Base with volcanic ash nearly a foot deep.

Rivers Southeast Asia’s people rely on waterways for transportation, communication, and food. The rivers’ silt and deposits of sediment also create fertile agricultural regions. Mainland rivers originate in the northern highlands of Southeast Asia and in southern China. Most of these rivers flow southward toward the Gulf of Thailand. Major mainland rivers Irrawaddy River in Myanmar, Chao Phraya River in Thailand and the Red (Hong) River in Vietnam. Mekong River forms the border between Thailand and Laos and then meanders through Cambodia and southern Vietnam before emptying into the South China Sea. Rivers in Indonesia run to south to north, cutting vertically across the narrow islands. Borneo’s rivers tend to start near the island’s center, running outward toward the sea.

Natural Resources Southeast Asia has rich natural resources like Fossil fuels, natural steam, minerals and gem. Flora-plants, Fauna-animals. The plants and animal of Southeast Asia are among the most diverse in the earth and also a valuable natural resource of the region.

Energy Sources The region has a plentiful supply of fossil fuels. Coal, oil and natural gas. Malaysia’s second major export is petroleum and the country's production of oil and natural gas has increased since the 1970’s Indonesia, Vietnam, and the Philippines mine coal and Vietnam also has rich oil reserves off shore.

Minerals and Gems. Indonesia mines nickel and iron and the Philippines mines copper Thailand, Laos, Indonesia and Malaysia mine tin. Sapphires and rubies can be found in the Myanmar, Thailand, Cambodia, and Vietnam. In the Philippines pearls are harvested in the province of Sulu and on the island of Palawan.

Flora and Fauna Raffesia Arnoldii is the worlds largest flower the blossoms three feet wide. Indonesia is the world’s largest supplier of plywood. Elephants, tigers, rhinos, and orangutans roam the region’s wildlife. Home to Borneo's bearded pig, Malaysia lacewing butterfly, komodo dragon (world’s largest lizard. Slow Loris

Fishing Fish thrive in the mainland rivers and in the seas near the Philippines, Indonesia, and Myanmar. Fish farming is an important part of the region’s economy. The region’s fishers have traditionally maintained small operations, no compete with large fleets of trawlers. This competition has produced an increased demand and so overfishing is a concern. The demand for exported for exported seafood has started to level off.

THE END. He is behind you….