Mainland Southeast Asia Chapter 29: Mainland Southeast Asia

Section 1 Objectives ID major landforms and rivers of the region Describe regions climates and biomes List the main resources for this region

What are the major rivers in this region? Irrawaddy Cha Phraya Mekong (longest) Hong

What are the major landform regions? North  Mnts. (Himalayans) until the Plateau of Tibet Central  Plains and low Plateaus River River valleys and Deltas

What climate types would be found here? Tropical Subtropical Costal Humid Interior Wet & Dry Northern Myanmar Northern Laos Northern Vietnam *Monsoons are also very common in this region

Based on the climates here, list some plants and animals. Tropical Rainforest Mangrove Trees Broad Leaf Forest Variety of Fish Monkeys Leopards Tigers

List the main resources found here. Hardwood Iron Manganese Tin Tungsten Fossil Fuels

Section 2 Objectives Explain events in this regions history Describe major culture features of the region

What key event happened in this region during its early history? Modern humans (Homo Sapiens) lived here for at least 40,000 years, while here they domesticated plants and animals Khmer (Kuh-MER) dominated Cambodia starting in 800’s AD. They were an advanced group and brought with them the Hindu religion 1200’sAD Thais immigrated here from China and spread Buddhism

Who controlled what & when did it become independent? Great Britain  Burma (now Myanmar France  Cambodia, Laos, Vietnam/ Known as French Indochina Both set up Plantations/Mines/Railroads Japan controlled parts of Burma during WWII Became independent from Japan & Britain  later changed name to Myanmar in 1989 Vietnam would have civil war with the US over the spread of Communism

Name the 5 major culture groups located here. Burmans  Myanmar Thais & Khmers  Cambodia Laotians  Laos Vietnamese  Vietnam

List the major language families and the ethnic groups that speak them. Language Family Ethnic group Sino-Tibetan Thai & Laotian Austro-Asiatic Burmans Thailand & Laos Vietnamese & Khmer

What culture traits linger from the past in this area? Language  English and French This was due to trading Religion  Hinduism & Buddhism This is due to the influence of the past civilizations

Give facts about the following: Food Traditions Rice (most important) American Fast Food has large draw Fish Sauces Bat/Cobra/ Exotic Fruits Buddhist festivals & traditions commonly practiced Urban areas have adopted western culture while rural areas are more traditional

Section 3 Objectives Describe economies and politics in the region Analyze types of agriculture practiced in the region Examine some of the issues & challenges facing this region

Complete the following chart Country Government Economy Myanmar Military Controlled Socialism Cambodia Constitutional Monarchy Free Market Laos Communism Communist Thailand Vietnam

Give a brief explanation of agriculture in this region Paddy Farming  flooded fields are used to grow 2-3 crops per year with the help of the climate Subsistence Farming  Yams, Bananas, Pineapples, beans, and Sugarcane. Most have to move after a few years due to soil exhaustion

Give a brief explanation of agriculture in this region Plantation Farming  Natural Rubber (from trees) Sugarcane Pineapples Opium Farming  Primarily in the mountains Highly illegal (most will attempted due to high poverty rate) Is extremely profitable Will usually be exported to the US or Europe

Give the major challenges for each: Cambodia Myanmar Due to Khmer Rouge brutal occupation & the slaughter of the educated workers, this country is still poor & relies heavily on farming Military government has control over economy & does not allow elected officials any power. Have for a long time violated the rights of the people. All income is funneled into the government while the population stays poor.

Give the major challenges for each: Vietnam & Laos Thailand Both countries are poor with the majority of the population practicing subsistence agriculture. Laos  slowly picking up income from tourism. Vietnam As of 1990 the US and Vietnam have started to trade Saw great economic development between 1985-1995 with the help of foreign investment. Economic growth slowed in late 1990’s Reforms are currently underway

List the countries & capitals Country Capital Myanmar Thailand Laos Cambodia Vietnam Yangon Bangkok Vientiane Phnom Penh Hanoi