Political Interaction across the Taiwan Strait Week 6

Outline Introduction Lee Teng-hui’s Policy to the Mainland Chen Shui-bian’s Mainland Policy Ma Ying-jeou’s Mainland Policy Hu’s Six Points: A Framework of peaceful development

1. Introduction Political transition in Taiwan has led to the redefining of the legitimacy of KMT regime in Taiwan From military and political retaking of the mainland to retaking the mainland by ideology

1. Introduction Secret messengers between the two sides in mid-1980s Decreasing demand for sovereignty over the mainland Different strategies in gaining maximal votes Continuing opening for visitors to the mainland Su Chi-cheng: a special messenger for Lee Teng-hui

2. Lee Teng-hui’s Policy to the Mainland A 、 Weakening the one-China principle –To end the period of “mobilization and pacifying the rebellion” （ 1991 ） –Three stages in National Unification Guideline 1)Exchange of reciprocity 2)Mutual trust and cooperation

1 、 Weakening the One-China Principle 3) Negotiating on unification Economic liberalization Social pluralization (pluralism) Political democratization Cultural Sinonization (Chinese cultural in Taiwan) –“one country, two governments” –temporary two Chinas leading to one China in the future （ 1993 ） –One country, two equivalent entities

1 、 Weakening the One-China Principle –“Independence first ， Unification later” Unification: saying without doing (lip service) Independence: doing without saying Pragmatic diplomacy –cross-recognition by other countries, dual representation in international organizations Lee’s 1995 U.S. trips (product of elections) –First cross-Strait crisis

1 、 Weakening the One-China Principle Special state-to-state relations with the mainland （ 1999 ） –Diplomatic isolation and sentimental expression, frustration –Bombing of Chinese embassy in Yugoslavia –Wang Daohan’s forthcoming trip to Taiwan –American pressure on Taipei for reaching interim agreements with the mainland

Changing Identity among Taiwanese People (1)

Changing Identity among Taiwanese People (2)

B. Avoiding Political Talks Lee’s Six Points （ ） –Condition for cross-strait talks on ending hostilities: Beijing giving up military means against Taiwan –More concern about Taiwan’s International space

B. Avoiding Political Talks Lee’s inauguration speech （ ） –“China in twenty century is a suffering country” –Separated government across the strait as a matter of fact –Pursuing national unification as a matter of fact too –Promoting pragmatic diplomacy –“visiting the Chinese mainland and engaging with peace trips”

B. Avoiding Political Talks KU Chenfu’s “ice-breaking trip” （ 1998 ） The beginning of political dialogue From separated government to unification No recognition, no denial （ Su Chi ） Preparing and announcing “two-state thesis” Coming back to “one China, respective expression” “We simply don’t want to talk with mainland too quickly” （ Wu Anchia ）

C.Limiting Civil Exchange “unilateral, indirectly, civil” Reducing “Mainland Fever,”“Be patient and self-restraint,”“Walking stably and going far away” Pressure from business circle Opposition from the New Party and “Formosa faction” led by Hsu Hsin-liang

3. Chen Shui-bian’s Mainland Policy A.Mainland policy in Chen’s early term –Victory remarks on March 18 （ the Chinese mainland ） –One China can be an issue ， but not precondition –“Four Nos” –To handle together “the issue of one China in the future （ issue vs. problem) –Not accepting “92 consensus” agree to disagee

A. Mainland policy in Chen’s early term Unification is not the only option for Taiwan （ Chen Shuibian ） Taiwan does not exclude the possibility of unifying with the mainland in the future If Taiwan“totally denial the possibility of unification, China will bother Taiwan forever, there would be no peace in the Taiwan Strait “Taiwan can give up part of sovereignty to exchange for long peace, as long as the political arrangement proposed by the mainland is reasonable and acceptable”

A.Mainland policy in Chen’s early term From independence as an ideal to independence as a tool, to unification as a tool” “From economic and cultural integration, to gradually build up mutual trust, and then seek long peace and a framework for political integration” （ New Year speech, Chen Shui-bian, 2001 ）

A. Mainland policy in Chen’s early term Meaning of integration, independence within unification, unification within independence Since the two sides cannot be unified now, they should move to share rights and obligation （ Yan Chian-fa ）

A. Mainland policy in Chen’s early term Chai Ing-wen: political integration could mean direction, process or goal; integration does not exclude the 3 options: unification, independence or maintaining the status quo. Lee Teng-hui’s mainland policy: independence first, unification later DPP’s policy: independence first, deciding on other options later

A. Mainland policy in Chen’s early term Chen’s policy was more confrontational to the mainland than KMT on three perspectives KMT recognizes 92 consensus (one China, different interpretation, though). DPP’s reject one China framework, however ambiguous. For Chen, one China is a discussable issue, but not a precondition for reopening strait talks

A. Mainland policy in Chen’s early term KMT regards people on the island as both Chinese and Taiwanese. DPP regards them as Taiwanese, or cultural Chinese at the best. KMT regards unification as the final goal, however remote, DPP considers it as an option only.

B. From “one country on each side” to referenda on Entering UN DPP’s Anti-Tide behavior –“China up” –Taiwan Down –Getting benefits from chaos –Tail wags the dog –Either talks or independence –Going on street

B. From “one country on each side” to referenda on Entering UN Referenda vs. representative democracyre Referenda as a tool to maximize votes on the part of DPP Avoiding political obligation Shifting burden to the public

4. Ma Ying-jeou’s Mainland Policy No unification, no independence, no war Accepting the 92 consensus –Both sides belong to one China (weak principle) –Both sides strive for China’s reunification (strong principle) Not a state-to-state relationship

4. Ma Ying-jeou’s Mainland Policy promoting economic and cultural exchanges (first step) Conciliation and No fighting (next step) –CBMs and surviving diplomacy Value congruence in the future –China’s movement to freedom, democracy, and prosperity can create historical conditions favorable to peaceful development of cross- Strait relations

4. Ma Ying-jeou’s Mainland Policy Competition on the issue of core values –The key for finally resolving the cross-Strait issue is not sovereign dispute, but living style and the core value (Taiwan spirit: kindness, integrity, diligence, honesty, compromise, progressiveness)

5. Hu’s Six Points A Framework of peaceful development Both sides belong to one China as the base for building political mutual trust –Political relations redefine –Reunification is not a recreation of sovereignty and territory, but ending the political confrontation between the two sides, a legacy of the Chinese civil war Advancing Economic Cooperation – Economic Cooperation Framework Agreement (ECFA)

5. Hu’s Six Points A Road Map for peaceful development Promoting Cultural and educational exchange –the main task of 2009 To strengthen two-way visits of people and expand exchanges in various sphere –Engaging with Democratic Progressive Party (DPP) members

5. Hu’s Six Points A Road Map for peaceful development Not wasting diplomatic resource in the international arena Ending hostility and reach a peace agreement –Military exchange and CBMs