Learning in a new culture and in an intercultural environment Lars Peter Jensen and Xiangyun Du Department of Control Engineering Department of Education, Learning and Philosophy

Overview 9:30 – 9:40 Workshop introduction 9:40 – 10:30 Reflection on culture and intercultural communication – Project work on a case study, incl. lunch break 13:00 – 14:00 Guest lecture by Torben Brændgaard, Grundfoss – Project work cont. 15:00 – Project presentation 2

The way I was educated Big class, little room for individual ideas 3 ’There is still one more seat in the wall’

Same materials year after year… 4

Memory is more important than application skills for high scores… 5

Transferred knowledge will be returned after exams 6

Am I teaching the same way I was taught? Need for Innovation in Engineering Education 7

Can innovation be facilitated in this way? 8

9 Coming to DK – Sweden to learn innovative ways… I don’t understand the lecturer What on earth the supervisor wanted me to do? So difficult to do a project in group work! I am Depressed!

10 Things that have been taken for granted in one culture might be unknown in another Parents

Meeting cultures – Cultural shock Please write 3 words For foreign students: What were your most impressive observations on arrival of AAU/DK? For Danish students: What were your most impressive observations on arrival of another country?

12 East vs. West - Cultural Differences comparison of Western and Asian culture in the eyes of a Chinese raised in Germany.

13 ME

14 WAYS OF LIFE

15 PARTY

16 TRENDS

17 STREET AT WEEKEND

18 SHOWER TIME

19 QUEUING

20

21 Symbolism Manners and body language – eye contact, distance, etc. Intercultural communication - non-verbal language Rasmussen & Bank-Mikkelsen 2000: 8)

22 Solution (Herlitz 1989:60) ‘The most important thing in communication is to hear what isn't being said.’ (Peter F. Drucker American Educator, b.1909) Intercultural communication - cultural understanding

23 Intercultural communication - cultural understanding How would you read this ad of pills? (Herlitz 1989:38)

24 Please work in pairs, talking to different people using the script which follows… The script: A: ‘Hello’. B: ‘Hello’. A: ‘You are late’. B: ‘I know’. Try to do it completely differently each time. Intercultural communication - Power of language

25 Intercultural communication in teaching and learning Why is culture an issue? Development of intercultural competencies for future engineers Establishment of international program

26 Globalized context Diverse capabilities Lifelong learning Project management Social, environmental, and ethical concerns Effective communication Designing and conducting experiments - National Academy of Engineering, The Engineer of 2020, EUR-ACE (Accreditation of European Engineering Programmes and Graduates, ABET: Identity and solve applied science problems Team work Application of mathematics and science knowledge Analytical skills Interdisciplinary knowledge Intercultural competencies Developing intercultural competencies for future engineers

27 Intercultural environment in PBL

28 Challenges and identified problems 1 Miscommunication arises due to –Use of second language (English) as a means of communication –Learning and working styles –Personality

29 Challenges and identified problems 2 Different beliefs on/ways of learning – different expectations Opinions? Educational background

30 Challenges and identified problems 2 Different beliefs on/ ways of learning  Nobody knows the exact answers until the project is finished  Students are responsible for managing their own learning  Learners are creating new knowledge Studying in a PBL environment, Denmark

31 Challenges and identified problems 3 Can group work be an efficient way of learning? YES, we can meet at 8 tomorrow morning NO, I can’t get up anyway Will they believe me because I am a girl?? Listen to me, I am very experienced If we don’t follow the supervisor’s suggestion, will he allow us to pass? They don’t understand even such easy things!! It is my turn to talk? He complains of my garlic, but he has coffee and carrots all the time!!!

32 Doing project in groups Group meeting Brainstorm Subgroup work Discussion Disagreement Presentation Compromise Exam Report writing Life

33 ` I have never worked in a group in my educational life… In group work, I preferred to listen when some students discussed intensely, because I could not understand why it was a question to discuss. Sometimes I could not follow their ideas or thinking. I need to change and actively work in the group.´ (Chinese female master student) Student’s reflection

34 Is ethnicity the only reason that makes us different? Muslim Philosopher Animal doctor Young girl butcher artist wolf farmer

35 Engineering culture – engineer study

36 Engineering culture – engineer study

37 Is culture something we are born with? (Jensen 2005:18) ’I got culture from mom’s breast breeding’

38 (Jensen 2005:72) You are so big. You can not stay here! Come back when you become smaller! Learning from each other vs. cultural integration Self vs. others Acceptance vs. adaptation

39 PBL in International programs, AAU, Denmark Different backgrounds in educational culture Cultural reflections Doing PBL in ‘the right’ way! A new culture to be established Root of PBL in DK - Tradition of group work in Denmark - Critical thinking - Emphasis on - Collaboration and participation - Lower power gap - Close link between industry and university

A real life case for today’s workshop Confucius Institute for Innovation & Learning, AAU is playing a role of facilitating intercultural and international collaboration between DK-China. In collaboration with Investment Denmark, a state-run organization, to attract and facilitate Chinese industry to invest in north DK. BRANDEN, a biomed company in China showed interest and is exploring opportunities. These days the CEO, Mr Zhang, comes to Aalborg for a visit. 40

A real life case for today’s workshop Please work out a list of recommendations for BRANDEN to successfully develop a new international small- middle size company in North DK. Both Danish and foreign graduates from Aalborg University will be potential employees in the new company, together with Engineers from China, North DK and other countries. Is there any special issues to prepare/consider for establishing a company in North DK, e.g. cultural issues? What are the culture preparations for employing international staff (engineers, scientists and medicine people) and facilitate an efficient working environment? How to prepare for meetings, how to approach people, etc. What management style will you suggest to lead the new company? Which parts of the company profile should be emphasized in a job adverticement to attract graduates from Aalborg University? Prepare a short (5 min) presentation of your recommendations. 41

Profile of Branden Branden is a professional medical device supplier, who also handles its own R&D, production and marketing services. The company was founded in 1996, registered in Zhongguancun, Haidian District in Beijing. Over a decade, the company experienced a rapid growth period. Technology: advanced technology in medical polymer material production, especially in silicone production and research field. focusing on medical plasma technology, engineers have enlarged our range of products with a plasma sterilizer and a plasma electrotome system. key techniques like drug coating, coating spreading techniques, as well as brand new highly effecient drugs. Intellectual property: Branden pays special attention to international cooperation with its partners and cares for the respect of intellectual property rights. We have succeeded in building cooperation relationships with universities and laboratories - in Germany, the Netherlands, and the US- concerning drug-eluting stents, biodegradable metals and polymer materials, and the medical plasma technology field. Due to our efforts, we have obtained over ten patens in China as well as PCT international patent in the key technologies of these fields.

Profile of Branden Marketing: Branden’s R&D team, marketing team and management employees have an extinguish feature of diversification. In fact they all have backgrounds or work experiences in medical, polymer material, biomedical engineering, and mechanical manufacturing. This feature allows our employees to understand the specific needs of our clients in terms of product R&D and design process. We provide our customers with reasonable solutions to meet their requests. Branden has its branches in the main cities of China mainland including Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou, Tianjin and Jinan. Moreover, branden is proud of having won its acceptance of U.S major buyers such as Cardinal Health, Medline, Diamics as well as multinational companies in Europe and Japan, being permitted to be their official supplier. Internationalization: Branden has a global vision of business, by now it has branches in Germany, the USA, Brazil, and Malaysia. Its products have been exported to over 20 countries and regions including Europe, the USA, Japan, Korea, Malaysia, India, Taiwan etc... Its annual exporting growth rate reached 100% for the last three years.

Profile of Branden Corporate culture: Our goal is to become an excellent company recognized by the actors of the Medical field. Development: Branden keeps developing medical and health-care products of high technology; making efforts to open up now markets; providing ongoing staff training, career and personal development opportunities. Respecting human rights: Branden treats its employees equally, strives to build up a working environment which benefits employees’ communication. Branden believes one of the key criteria to become an excellent company is to make its staff feel relaxed and at ease on the workplace. Customer: Branden put its customers in the first place, providing them with services and products of the best quality. The success of the company lies on this whole philosophy.