Russian Expansion
Russia
Poland – Poland – Lithuania
Ottoman Empire Fall of Constantinople Impacts on Europe – Balkans – Russia – Austria – Trade
Ottoman Empire
Central Europe Holy Roman Empire Germany Italy
Spain Reconquista Impacts – Religion – Culture
Spain
Netherlands Economic center Holy Roman Empire Habsburg dynasty Spain
Hundred Years’ War ( ) Feudalism Impacts on France – Aristocracy – Monarchical power Impacts on England – War of the Roses ( ) Lancaster v. York Tudor (Henry VII, 1485) – Isolation
Religion Official status of Christianity – East v. West Religion and popular culture – Relics – Clergy – Witchcraft Clergy – Male power – Church and State (Investiture Controversy ) – Papal States
Great Schism Avignon Papacy ( ) Hundred Years’ War Role of the papacy and Church
In the News
Great Schism ( )
Black Death 1340s Trade routes Impacts on Europe
Social Structure Privileged classes – Royalty and aristocracy – Clergy Laboring classes – Soldiers – Serfs and Peasants
Social Structure Statistics – Age – Dimensions – Illiteracy Legal rights – Class
Social Structure Manors Towns Rise of states Economic trends – Manufacturing and trade – Trading centers
Italian Renaissance
Renaissance Italy
Reasons for the Renaissance in Italy – Commerce – Historical legacy – Rivalries Humanism – Plutarch Cicero
Renaissance Italy
Humanism – Civic and Christian – Intent – Methodology – Subjects Rhetoric Grammar Poetry Ethics History
Renaissance Italy City-states Territorial expansion – Food – Resources Warfare – Intense rivalries – Condottieri Balance of Power – Treaty of Lodi (1454) – Diplomacy
Renaissance Italy Major Powers – Milan – Venice – Florence – Rome (Papacy) – Naples
Milan Visconti Sforza
Venice Republic Mercantile State Mainland expansion
Florence Medici Republicanism Savonarola
Machiavelli Niccolo Machiavelli – Florence – The Prince (1532) Italian unification Ruler’s behavior Index of Forbidden Books
Papal States
Naples and Sicily Angevin Aragon
Renaissance Italy Italian Wars ( ) – France v. Spain – Sacking of Rome (1527) – Spanish dominance – Decline of Italy
Renaissance Italy
Italian Families Marriage Class Gender Crime and Punishment