Europe after WWI Junior Cert History. 3 rd Year. The Legacy of World War 1 11 of 11 of 11 of 1918 Death and damage Downfall of Empires New states (Yugoslavia.

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Europe after WWI Junior Cert History. 3 rd Year

The Legacy of World War 1 11 of 11 of 11 of 1918 Death and damage Downfall of Empires New states (Yugoslavia Czechoslovakia) Rise of USA Rise of Communism in USSR

Treaty of Versailles Versailles USA GB France and Italy. Wilson, George, Clemenceau, Orlando. 14 Point Plan = League of Nations. No choice for Weimar Gov.(Germans) Unfair? War guilt clause a cause of WW2? Demilitarisation of Rhineland limit on army. No subs or aircraft. Small navy. Anschluss forbidden £6.6 billion in gold to be paid to allies.

League of Nations To achieve peace by making each member responsible for each other’s security. Assembly (all countries represented, one vote, unanimous) Council of Ministers (unanimous, main decisions) Secretariat International Court of Justice Failed because: Unanimous votes needed No army USA did not join. Germany and Russia for a short time. Success in minor dispute between Finland and Sweden Failures: Japan in China; Italy in Abyssinia; Hitler and Versailles

Dictatorship and Democracy Dictatorship: One man or party; control of press; no freedom of speech; secret police; no freedom of the individual. Democracy: Multi-party system. Regular elections. Freedom of speech. Rights for individuals under the law.

Karl Marx. Abolish private property and profit. Revolution. State ownership. No religion Lenin (October Revolution) 1924 Stalin takes over. Five year plans to industrialise Russia (now USSR) Powerful country. Millions died in Stalin’s “purges” Communist Dictatorship

Fascist dictatorship Anti-Communist Extreme nationalism Racism Hostility to democracy Cult of the leader Use of violence to get power