Why do countries go to war? Why did the U.S. get involved in these 3 wars? War of 1812 War with Mexico Spanish-American War

World War I

Things to Know about WW I The 5 main causes. The major combatants, at the beginning and the end. What brought America into the war. The technology of the war. The use of propaganda during the war. The restrictions placed on civil liberties during the war.

Causes of WWI – MANIA! Militarism - policy of building up a strong military to prepare for war Alliances – agreements between nations to provide aid and protect one another Nationalism – extreme pride in one’s country Imperialism – when one country takes over another country economically and politically. Assassination – of Austrian Archduke Francis Ferdinand (Which 2 of these causes are in conflict with one another?)

1910-1914 Increase in Defense Expenditures Militarism 1910-1914 Increase in Defense Expenditures France 10% Britain 13% Russia 39% Germany 73%

Alliances Triple Alliance Triple Entente

Nationalism & Imperialism Nationalism is a feeling of intense pride in one’s homeland. Nationalists emphasized their homeland’s culture and interests above other countries and they were willing to go to war to expand their nation at the expense of others. Self-determination is another basic idea of nationalism. Self-determination is the idea that people who share a national identity should have their own country and government. Imperialism: Great Britain, Germany and France needed foreign markets after the increase in manufacturing caused by the Industrial Revolution

European Conquest of Africa

The “Spark”

Assassination Archduke Franz Ferdinand and Duchess Sophie at Sarajevo, Bosnia, on June 28th, 1914.

Austrian Archduke Franz Ferdinand was killed in Bosnia by a Serbian nationalist group called the Black Hand who believed that Bosnia should belong to Serbia.

Domino Effect Austria blamed Serbia for Ferdinand’s death and declared war on Serbia. Germany pledged their support for Austria -Hungary. Russia pledged their support for Serbia.

Domino Effect Germany declares war on Russia. France pledges their support for Russia. Germany declares war on France. Germany invades Belgium on the way to France. Great Britain supports Belgium and declares war on Germany.

Allied Powers Central Powers World War I

America and World War I Reasons for American Neutrality Reasons America Enters the War on the side of the Allies

Why was WWI a Stalemate? What’s a stalemate? Neither side can make a move to win. Machine gun. How did this change war? How was it fought before? Trench Warfare = “solution”. Millions die without gaining ground.

What new weapons were used in WWI? Tank Poison gas Airplane Submarine Machine gun Why these weapons? Why now? INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION!!

Outcome: The Fighting Ends

The German War Machine Germany faced troubles in 1918 A home front revolution forced the Kaiser into exile Shortage of soldiers (“Iron Youth” was gone); mutiny in Navy U.S. entry proved to be too much for them (fresh troops & morale)

Germany Surrenders

November, 1918 Germany asked for an armistice Nov, 11, 1918 ---> fighting stopped (Armistice Day) The Allied Powers had won the Great War An allied blockade of German ports continued until the treaty was signed

Peace Conference

Result = The Treaty of Versailles (June 28, 1919) (Product of compromise) New independent nations were formed in Europe Empires were destroyed & ethnic groups were united A League of Nations was formed to maintain peace and prevent future world wars

Asked to pay huge reparations ($33 billion) Germany was blamed & punished for WWI (war-guilt clause) Asked to pay huge reparations ($33 billion) Forced to give up large amounts of land Massive disarmament left them w/only a defensive army

The Treaty was REJECTED at home, despite Wilson’s efforts Many feared the “League” was just another alliance The U.S. never joined; rejected by the U.S. Senate in 1920 Most Americans desired Isolationism The U.S. made a separate peace treaty with Germany in 1921

Casualties? Total troops mobilized by all countries in WW1 65,038,810 Total troops dead from all countries in WW1 8,556,315 Total troops wounded from all countries in WW1 21,219,452 Total missing or POWs 7,750,945

Result: This treaty planted the seeds of German bitterness after WWI that allowed for Hitler to rise to power and begin World War II.

What were the results? Germany surrendered. Allies impose Treaty of Versailles. Declares Germany guilty for war. Germany must pay reparations to Allies. This sets the stage for WWII! League of Nations formed to try to prevent war in the future.