The Treaty Of Versailles & The League of Nations Objective: Analyze the effects of World War I with emphasis on the Treaty of Versailles and the League of Nations. The Allies Won the War!!!!!!

CAUSES Imperialism leads to international rivalries w/in Europe Nationalism between & Within countries intensifies Military buildup in Europe intensifies Europe develops a complicated system of alliances Archduke Francis Ferdinand of Austria-Hungary is assassinated Austria-Hungary declares war on Serbia WORLD WAR I EFFECTS Map of Europe is redrawn League of Nations formed U.S. economy is boosted U.S. suffers post-war disillusionment

I. Intro A) President Wilson believed the world could be made safe for democracy. A) President Wilson believed the world could be made safe for democracy. B) His peace policy was called The Fourteen Points. B) His peace policy was called The Fourteen Points. C) The first five points were issues that Wilson believed had to be addressed to prevent another war. C) The first five points were issues that Wilson believed had to be addressed to prevent another war.

II.Wilson’s 14 Points 1. There should be no secret treaties among nations. 1. There should be no secret treaties among nations. 2. Freedom of the seas should be maintained for all. 2. Freedom of the seas should be maintained for all. 3. Tariffs and other economic barriers among nations should be lowered or abolished in order to foster free trade. 3. Tariffs and other economic barriers among nations should be lowered or abolished in order to foster free trade. 4. Arms should be reduced “to the lowest point consistent with domestic safety, thus lessening the possibility of military responses” during diplomatic crises. 4. Arms should be reduced “to the lowest point consistent with domestic safety, thus lessening the possibility of military responses” during diplomatic crises. 5. Colonial policies should consider the interests of the colonial peoples as well as the interests of imperial powers. 5. Colonial policies should consider the interests of the colonial peoples as well as the interests of imperial powers.

14 Points Cont. D) The next eight points dealt with boundary changes. D) The next eight points dealt with boundary changes. E) The Fourteenth point called for the creation of an international organization to address diplomatic crises like those that had sparked the war. E) The Fourteenth point called for the creation of an international organization to address diplomatic crises like those that had sparked the war. F) The formation of The League of Nations would provide a forum for nations to discuss and settle their grievances without having to resort to war. F) The formation of The League of Nations would provide a forum for nations to discuss and settle their grievances without having to resort to war. G) The League of Nations would help to create world peace. G) The League of Nations would help to create world peace.

*The United States does not join the League of Nations.

III. The Versailles Peace Treaty A) March 1919, the “Big Four” (Britain, France, Italy, and the U.S.) went to Paris to discuss the aftermath of WWI. A) March 1919, the “Big Four” (Britain, France, Italy, and the U.S.) went to Paris to discuss the aftermath of WWI. THE BIG FOUR THE UNITED STATES Wilson ITALY Orlando FRANCE Clemenceau BRITAIN George “It is much easier to make war than peace.” Georges Clemenceau, Prime Minister of France

The “Big Four” George OrlandoClemenceau Wilson

IV. Provisions of the Treaty 1. Established nine new nations. Including Poland, Czechoslovakia, and Yugoslavia. 1. Established nine new nations. Including Poland, Czechoslovakia, and Yugoslavia. 2. The treaty barred Germany from maintaining an Army. 2. The treaty barred Germany from maintaining an Army. 3. It required Germany to return the region of Alsace-Lorraine to France. 3. It required Germany to return the region of Alsace-Lorraine to France. 4. Germany was to pay reparations: war damages amounting $33 Billion to the Allies. 4. Germany was to pay reparations: war damages amounting $33 Billion to the Allies.

Compare them… Europe before WW1 Europe after WW1 These new countries were acquired by Germany when Russia withdrew from World War I in 1917-Treaty of Brest-Litovsk Then Germany lost the acquired territory at the conclusion of World War I.

V. Treaty of Versailles Continued A) Several basic flaws in the treaty sowed the seeds of postwar international problems that eventually would lead to the Second World War. A) Several basic flaws in the treaty sowed the seeds of postwar international problems that eventually would lead to the Second World War. B) The treaty humiliated Germany. B) The treaty humiliated Germany. C) It contained a war-guilt clause forcing Germany to admit sole responsibility for starting WWI. C) It contained a war-guilt clause forcing Germany to admit sole responsibility for starting WWI. D) Germany could not pay the huge financial reparations. D) Germany could not pay the huge financial reparations.

VI. Post-War Disillusionment A) European countries owed the U.S. $12 Billion. A) European countries owed the U.S. $12 Billion. B) When the “doughboys” returned, many were unemployed B) When the “doughboys” returned, many were unemployed C) Jobs were scarce C) Jobs were scarce D) Ending of an Era of optimism. D) Ending of an Era of optimism.

VII. Reparations, a precursor to WWII A) German disarmament A) German disarmament B) Reparations B) Reparations