Adapted from http://worldhistory.p ppst.com/ww2.html Introduction to WWII Adapted from http://worldhistory.p ppst.com/ww2.html During World War II, many women took over factory jobs while the men were called into the military

When? 1939-1945 US involvement 1941-1945 1939 1941 1945 Sept.1 - Germany invades Poland (official start to the war) Sept. 3 -Britain & France declare war on Germany Dec. 7 – Japan bombs Pearl Harbor; US enters the War May - Germans Surrender Aug -Sept. - Atomic Bombing of Hiroshima & Nagasaki, Japanese Surrender

Human Costs Quick Facts 50 million people died (compared to 21 million in WWI) 21.3 million Russians (7.7 million civilians) 11 million died as a result of the HOLOCAUST (6 million Jews + 5 million others)

Allies Axis Who? (major powers) (major powers) United Kingdom Germany Russia Italy United States Japan France (note: France surrendered to Germany in 1940 after 6 weeks of fighting)

Major Leaders Adolf Hitler Nazi Germany Benito Mussolini Italy

Japanese Prime Minister Major Leaders Winston Churchill U.K. Prime Minister Hideki Tojo Japanese Prime Minister Charles de Gaulle French Leader in Exile

Franklin Delano Roosevelt Major Leaders Joseph Stalin Russian Leader Franklin Delano Roosevelt US President

Why? (underlying causes of WWII) 1. Treaty of Versailles A. World War I ended in 1918. As a result of WW I Germany lost land to surrounding nations B. War Reparations 1) Allies collect $ to pay back war debts to U.S. 2) Germany must pay $57 trillion (modern equivalent) 3) Bankrupted the German economy & embarrassed Germans Lloyd George, Georges Clemenceau, and Woodrow Wilson during negotiations for the Treaty

Why? (underlying causes of WWII) 2. World-wide Depression A. The Great Depression in the 1930s made Germany’s debt even worse B. Desperate people turn to desperate leaders 1) Hitler seemed to provide solutions to Germany’s problems 1923 - Wallpapering with German Deutchmarks

Why? (underlying causes of WWII) 2. World-wide Depression 2) Hitler provided scapegoats for Germany’s problems. He blamed Jews primarily, but also other eastern Europeans as well as the mentally ill. 3) Kristallnacht - vandalism & destruction of Jewish property & synagogues

Why? 3. Rise of Totalitarian Regimes A. In a Totalitarian country, individual rights are not viewed as important as the needs of the nation Communist Dictatorship (USSR) Fascist Dictatorship (Germany, Italy) Fascism: military government based on racism & nationalism with strong support from the business community Totalitarianism Military Dictatorship (Japan)

Why? 4. Isolationism of Major Powers a. WWI did not seem to solve much A. Why was the U.S. Isolationist? 1. Great Depression (problems at home) 2. Perceptions of WWI a. WWI did not seem to solve much b. People began to think that we’d got into WWI for the wrong reasons

Why? 4. Isolationism of Major Powers B. This led to policies of “Appeasement” 1. Appeasement: give dictators what they want and hope that they won’t want anything else 2. Begins with Japanese invasion of Manchuria, Italian invasion of Ethiopia, and continues with Hitler . . .

So What Was Hitler Asking For? He claimed that Germany was not big enough “Lebensraum” or “Living Room” Austria - Peacefully Annexed in 1938 German Troops Parade in Streets of Czechoslovakian Town, ca. 1939

So What Was Hitler Asking For? Munich Conference - Great Britain & France give part of Czechoslovakia to Hitler in return for peace Hitler then invades the rest of Czechoslovakia German Troops Parade in Streets of Czechoslovakian Town, ca. 1939

Major Events of WW II Great Britain & France declare war on Germany September 1, 1939 Germany invades Poland Great Britain & France declare war on Germany Hitler's triumphal entry into Danzig, Poland 1939

How Did Hitler Make War? Blitzkrieg “Lightning War” – Moving tanks and troops extremely fast to surprise and out maneuver the enemy. In the next year, (1940) Hitler invades: and conquers: Denmark Norway The Netherlands, Belgium France Hitler in Paris

Europe - 1939

Europe 1941

Major Events of WW II Dunkirk, France – May 1940 Germany invaded France so rapidly that some 350,000 British and French troops were trapped on the beach at Dunkirk. Along with their Navy, hundreds of British citizens bravely took boats across the English Channel and rescued the trapped soldiers. In this picture, British fishermen rescue sailors and troops while being fired upon by German aircraft.

Major Events of WW II The Battle of Britain : July – September 1940 German planes drop bombs on many cities and military targets in England. However Germany does not try to send troops in. Many buildings were destroyed, but the military targets were not badly damaged.

Major Events of WW II “We shall fight on the beaches, we shall fight on the landing grounds, we shall fight in the fields and in the streets, we shall fight in the hills; we shall never surrender, we shall prove ourselves once more able to defend our Island home, and to outlive the menace of tyranny, if necessary for years, if necessary alone.” Inspiring speech given by Prime Minister Winston Churchill during the Battle of Britain

US Assistance Roosevelt provided aid to the Allies: Lend-Lease - 1940 US “loaned” war materials to cash-strapped Great Britain Atlantic Charter US secretly meets with England to commit to defeating Germany London Firefighter Tackles an Air Raid Blaze

Major Events of WW II Germany Invades the Soviet Union (Russia) – June 1941: Germany sent more than 4,000,000 troops. The invasion reached near Moscow in December of 1941, but stalled when the harsh Russian winter set in. Thousands of German troops froze to death.

Major Events of WW II Pearl Harbor: - “December 7, 1941: a date which will live in infamy” What? Surprise attack by the Japanese on American forces in Pearl Harbor, Hawaii Effect? US declares war on Japan. Germany and Italy declare war on the United States USS Arizona Sinking in Pearl Harbor

Major Events of WW II The Holocaust – During the war, Germany continued carrying out its policy of executing Jews wherever they found them. Often they were sent to slave labor camps until they died. But others were sent to concentration camps where they were quickly executed by poison gas. Empty poison gas canisters used to kill inmates and piles of hair shaven from their heads are stored in the museum at Auschwitz II.

Major Events of WW II The Holocaust – Hitler hated Jews. He convinced the German people that Jews were to blame for all of the country’s problems. At the end of the war, Allied soldiers were shocked to discover the horror of the concentration camps

Major Events of WW II 1942 – 1945 Bombing of Germany: After the U.S. entered the war, Allied bombing raids over Germany begin hitting cities and military targets. This was a major blow to Hitler because he had promised the German people that they would never be bombed.

Major Events of WW II War in the Pacific: While the U.S. was fighting in Europe against Germany, we were also fighting against Japan in the islands of the Pacific Ocean. Some major battles were at Guadalcanal, Guam, and Iwo Jima The flag is raised on Mt. Suribachi on the island of Iwo Jima

Major Events of WW II D Day – June 6, 1944 Allied forces in England launched a massive invasion against German positions in Normandy, France. Many of the invading troops were the same ones rescued from Dunkirk in 1940.

Major Events of WW II Germany Surrenders – May 1945: After the Invasion of Normandy, U.S., British, and French troops begin pushing the Germans out of France. At the same time, Russian troops were pushing the Germans out of the U.S.S.R. After the war, these four countries will retain control of Germany for several years.

Major Events of WW II Japan Surrenders – August 1945: The Atomic Bomb, a horrific new weapon, is dropped on the Japanese cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki. The Japanese Emperor Hirohito agrees to the surrender terms.

Kissing the War Goodbye: Americans celebrate the end of World War II Major Events of WW II Kissing the War Goodbye: Americans celebrate the end of World War II

American War Casualties The End of WW II American War Casualties 405,399 Dead 670,846 Wounded 30,314 Still Missing

Our Response - We remember and honor those who risked their lives to fight for the freedom that we enjoy. Without their efforts, the world would be a much different and more frightening place.

Kilroy Was Here James Kilroy from Halifax, Mass. was a 46-year old shipyard worker during the war. He worked as a checker at the Fore River Shipyard in Quincy. His job was to go around and check on the number of rivets completed. He put his checkmark on each job he inspected, added KILROY WAS HERE in king-sized letters next to the check, and eventually added the sketch. Kilroy’s inspection “trademark” was seen by thousands of servicemen who boarded the troopships the yard produced. His message apparently rang a bell with the servicemen, because they picked it up and spread it all over Europe and the South Pacific. delontin1.wordpress.com/.../21/kilroy-was-here/