The Great War - WWI “The War to end all wars” Period 6 Chapter 20

An accident waiting to happen… Background: Trouble in the Balkans “the Spark that ignited the war” was the assassination of Archduke-Franz Ferdinand The Black Hands Austria-Hungry VS Serbia

M.A.I.N. – Causes of WWI Militarism Most European nations relied on Conscription Arms Race – naval race between Britain and Germany Industrialization of warfare = submarines, tanks, airplanes, poison gas, machine guns, barbed wire…impact on casualties, impact on fighting techniques

M.A.I.N. – Causes of WWI Alliances Resulted because of change in balance of power Triple Entente = Russia, France, Britain Triple Alliance = Germany, Italy, Austria- Hungry Purpose of alliances – keep peace, however, once Austria-Hungry declared war on Serbia, a domino effect was created.

M.A.I.N. – Causes of WWI Imperialism Use of colonial troops and laborers involved in the war effort Battles in Africa and South Pacific – Britain and France wanted German colonies. Japan – took German possession in China and the Pacific Use of colonial labor – rise of nationalism – will lead to independence movements in Asia, Africa, and Latin America

M.A.I.N. – Causes of WWI Nationalism Slavic Nationalism and Austro-Hungarian opposition = heart of the war’s beginning Great Powers of Europe competed for colonies, spheres of influence, superiority in armaments Competing Nationalism gave support for the war (in the beginning)

WWI The Great War became a “war of attrition” Trench Warfare – long, bloody, high casualty warfare – Battle at Verdun(FR), Battle of the Somme (FR) Trench Warfare “Total War” – mobilization of country’s entire population – “war socialism”

WWI Role of Labor Unions Role of Women Propaganda – purpose, audience

Long-term Outcomes of WarOutcomes of War Social Changes Disillusionment – Europe and enlightenment ideas no longer superior High casualties – as a result, promoted social mobility Integrating veterans back into society – “homes for heroes” Women urged to leave factory jobs Mother’s Day Suffrage Movements – US, Britain, Germany, Soviet Union – Flappers – culture of the 1920’s – why was life a “party?”

Long-term Outcomes of War Politically Collapse of German, Russian, and Austro- Hungarian Empires – new map of Europe emerged With new states – ideas of “national self- determination” - Nationalism Russia – Russian Revolution of world communism

Treaty of Versailles Paris Peace Conference – formally concluded in the war in 1919 Provisions of the Treaty = – 1. Germany accept blame for war – 2. Germany lost colonial empires and 15% of European territory – 3. War reparations – 4. Disarmament Treaty leads to resentment among the Germans, as a result, radical leaders emerge…Hitler

Armenian Genocide Target the Armenians – believe conspiring with the Russians. Major genocide movement End of the Ottoman empire – formation of Turkey and Middle eastern states

Impact of the War around the World Latin America – ideas of Nationalism The Middle East – ideas of Nationalism Africa – ideas of Nationalism Asia – Japan – China The United States – debtor to creditor

Failure of the League of Nations League of Nations = purpose – prevent future world conflicts Wilson’s 14 Points Two major problems with the League of Nations: – The US doesn’t join – FP of isolationism – No military power to enforce

Discussion Q’s: How is Nationalism a cause of WWI? How will Nationalism lead to future world conflicts? How did the advances in military technology change the ways of war? How can propaganda influence nationalism? What are propaganda techniques? What social outcome of WWI do you believe to be the most consequential? What political outcome of WWII do you believe to be the most consequential?