…THE END OF WWI (1919); POSTWAR SOCIAL CHANGES Honors World History, Silc, Miguel Anton Faigal Chapter 16 Section 1

Overview (Chapter 16.1)  Societal Changes  New Literature  New Scientific Theories  Modern Art and Architecture

The Roaring Twenties  As Europe recovered the United States experienced a boom time. A time of greater freedom and a willingness to experiment.  The 1920s are often called The Jazz Age.  Jazz consisted of Western harmonies with African rhythms.  Trumpeter Louis Armstrong, and Pianist Duke Ellington

Women’s Lives  Women saw limited progress in the postwar period.  Their war work would help them win votes:  Texas Governor, Miriam Ferguson  Lady Nancy Astor, first woman to serve in the British Parliament.

Women’s lives continued  The rise of labor saving devices in middle-class homes:  Washing machines, vacuum cleaners, etc.  Some women sought work outside home at unprecedented levels:  Golfers, tennis players, pilots, newspaper reporters, artist, authors, and more.

The flapper  Symbol of rebellious Jazz Age youth was the liberated woman.  Women began to reject the strict morals of the Victorian Era  Liberated young women, flappers, shocked with their short skirts, bobbed hair, and bright red lipstick

Due to the Jazz Age…  Many Americans supported, Prohibition, a ban on the manufacture and sale of alcoholic beverages. (18th amendment, 1919)  Reaction to Prohibition: Organized crime and speakeasies, or illegal bars.

Fundamentalism vs. Science  Fundamentalist: support traditional Christian ideas about Jesus and believed that all of events in the Bible are literally true.  John T. Scopes Trial (1925): Tried for teaching evolution in his classroom.

New Literature  War novels, poetry, and memoirs exposed horrors and reality of war. (All Quiet in the Western Front by Erich Remarque.)  Lost Generation: Many writers saw that the war symbolized moral breakdown of western civilization.  These novelist and poets include:  T.S. Eliot’s poem The Waste Land  Ernest Hemingway, The Sun Also Rises  F. Scott Fitzgerald, The Great Gatsby

Literature of the inner mind  Stream of consciousness: Narrator's feelings and thoughts without imposing any logic or order.  Mrs. Dalloway by Virginia Woolf

It’s a New Day  Harlem Renaissance (1920’s): An African American cultural awakening beginning in Harlem, NY home to many African Americans.  African American writers and artists express their experiences and culture.  James Weldon Johnson, and Zora Neale Hurston  New styles and content of poetry from Langston Hughes Claude Mckay, and Countee Cullen

Scientific Discoveries  Marie Curie: Polish born scientist, found that the atoms of certain elements spontaneously release charged particles.  Findings proved that atoms are not solid and indivisible.  Einstein’s Theory of Relativity (1905 & 1916): measurements of space and time are not absolute but are determined by the relative position of the observer.  Scientists used this theory and Curie’s work to create atomic fusion and eventually the atomic bomb

Scientific Discoveries (cont.)  Alexander Fleming: Scottish born physician accidentally discovers Penicillin  Scientists use this discovery to create antibiotics  Sigmund Freud: Austrian Physician,“Father of Psychoanalysis”; Suggests the subconscious mind drives human behavior.

#Artsy (Modern Art and Architecture)  Henri Matisse  Utilized bold, wild strokes of color and odd distortions to produce works of strong emotion. (He and fellow artists outraged the public)  Pablo Picasso and the French artist Georges Braque created cubism.  Cubism: Painted 3-D as complex patterns of angles and planes.

Works of Matisse and Picasso Woman with a Hat Luxembourg Gardens Three Musicians Les Demoiselles d'Avignon

#Artsy-Modern Art (cont.)  Vaslily Kandinsky and Paul Klee  Abstract: composed of only limes, colors and shapes  Dada movement burst onto the scene after WWI. (Jean Arp and Max Earnst)  The dadaists reject traditional conventions and believed there was no sense or truth in the world  Surrealism: Rejected rational thought, which had produced the horrors of WWI. (Salvador Dali) Example of surrealism Salvador Dali 

New Styles of #Architecture  Bauhaus school: in Germany influenced architecture by blending science and technology with design  Buildings featured glass, steel, and concrete and have little ornamentation  Frank Lloyd Wright

Closure  Make a prediction: How will the postwar experience in American be different from that of our European allies?  Stunned by the trauma of WWI, many people sought to change the way they thought and acted during the turbulent 1920s. As nations recovered from the war, people began to feel hope rising out of their disillusionment. But soon, this lost generation would face a new crisis, economically, that would revive many old problems and spark new conflicts.