Introduction to Chemical Bonding. Chemical Reactions: During chemical reactions, elements combine, rearrange, or break apart with others to form new substances.

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Presentation transcript:

Introduction to Chemical Bonding

Chemical Reactions: During chemical reactions, elements combine, rearrange, or break apart with others to form new substances. New substances are created when chemical bonds are broken or created. Magnesium Metal agnesium_burn.jpg Chemical Reaction Magnesium Oxide Original Substance New Substance 3/STILLS/MAGAIR/MAGAIR/64JPG48/6.JPG

Evidence of Chemical Reactions: Fire/Burning Color change without dye New gas created Heat released Heat absorbed /background_knowledge/Images/Fir e-big.jpg /G/5/a/demonstration.jpg ble/ca_2.jpg pack.jpg

Compounds are more than one kind of element joined together. Octet Rule: Describes how chemical bonds happen. Atoms want a full valence (or outer electron energy level). Full valence will mean having 8 valence electrons.

Octet Rule … To reach full valence, some atoms “want” to lose electrons and others “want” to gain electrons. – Atoms with FEWER than 4 valence electrons will bond by losing those electrons. These atoms will become positively charged! – Atoms with MORE than 4 valence electrons will bond by gaining electrons (up to eight). These atoms will become negatively charged! – Atoms with 4 valence electrons can gain or lose electrons. It depends on the element to which it is bonding. It is easier for the atom to lose 1, 2 or 3 electrons rather than gaining 5, 6 or 7. Why are these atoms positive? Losing electrons (and electrons are negative) means more protons (positive charge) than negative charges. It is easier for the atom to gain 1, 2 or 3 electrons rather than losing 5, 6 or 7. Why are these atoms negative? Gaining electrons (and electrons are negative) means more negative charge than positive charges (protons).

A chemical bond is created by the sharing or exchange of electrons between elements. Example: Sodium (Na) Valence? 1 Easiest way to follow Octet Rule? Lose 1 electron If following Octet Rule, what’s the charge? +1 pictures/sodium.jpg

Example: Fluorine (F) Valence? 7 Easiest way to follow Octet Rule? Gain 1 electron If following the Octet Rule, what’s the charge? –1 ze/science/images/diag_fluorine.gif

What will happen if Sodium and Fluorine atoms are mixed? Electrons could transfer between the atoms. A sodium atom could lose an electron to a fluorine atom. Both atoms are left with full valence & are bonded together, creating a compound.