Mrs Teocc The Chinese High School Diagrams by Ms Angela Ng The Structure of Atoms & Formation of Ions

Revision An Atom consists of electrons protons neutrons Electronic Structure of Sodium nucleus

HeNeAr The Electronic Structure of Noble Gases The Electronic Structure of Noble Gases

Noble gases - very stable electron arrangement - do not gain or lose electrons => unreactive The Electronic Structure of Noble Gases The Electronic Structure of Noble Gases

X Other atoms try to become like those of noble gases of noble gases => gain or lose electrons and form chemical bonds with other atoms to attain octet or duplet configuration => gain or lose electrons and form chemical bonds with other atoms to attain octet or duplet configuration

X Other atoms try to become likethose of noble gases => gain or lose electrons and form chemical bonds with other atoms to attain octet or duplet configuration => gain or lose electrons and form chemical bonds with other atoms to attain octet or duplet configuration

X Other atoms try to become like those of noble gases => gain or lose electrons and form chemical bonds with other atoms to attain octet or duplet configuration => gain or lose electrons and form chemical bonds with other atoms to attain octet or duplet configuration

X Gain of electron Other atoms try to become like those of noble gases => gain or lose electrons and form chemical bonds with other atoms to attain octet or duplet configuration => gain or lose electrons and form chemical bonds with other atoms to attain octet or duplet configuration

Y Other atoms try to become like those of noble gases => gain or lose electrons and form chemical bonds with other atoms to attain octet or duplet configuration => gain or lose electrons and form chemical bonds with other atoms to attain octet or duplet configuration

Y Other atoms try to become like those of noble gases => gain or lose electrons and form chemical bonds with other atoms to attain octet or duplet configuration => gain or lose electrons and form chemical bonds with other atoms to attain octet or duplet configuration

Y Other atoms try to become like those of noble gases => gain or lose electrons and form chemical bonds with other atoms to attain octet or duplet configuration => gain or lose electrons and form chemical bonds with other atoms to attain octet or duplet configuration

Y Other atoms try to become like those of noble gases => gain or lose electrons and form chemical bonds with other atoms to attain octet or duplet configuration => gain or lose electrons and form chemical bonds with other atoms to attain octet or duplet configuration

Y Loss of electron Other atoms try to become like those of noble gases => gain or lose electrons and form chemical bonds with other atoms to attain octet or duplet configuration => gain or lose electrons and form chemical bonds with other atoms to attain octet or duplet configuration

1. In an atom, the number of protons is equal to the number of electrons. Formation of Ions 1. In an atom, the number of protons is equal to the number of electrons. => electrically neutral 2. If electrons are added or removed, it becomes a charged particle => ion

Cl atom 17p 18n No overall charge p=17e=17 To become negative ions (anions)

17p 18n

To become negative ions (anions) 17p 18n

To become negative ions (anions) 17p 18n

To become negative ions (anions) 17p 18n

Gain of a electron To become negative ions (anions) 17p 18n

More electrons than protons To become negative ions (anions) 17p 18n

has overall negative charge Negative ion (anion) Cl - Due to addition of 1 electron To become negative ions (anions) 17p 18n

O atom 8p 8n No overall charge p=8e=8 To become negative ions (anions)

8p 8n

To become negative ions (anions) 8p 8n

To become negative ions (anions) 8p 8n

To become negative ions (anions) 8p 8n

Adding of 2 electrons To become negative ions (anions) 8p 8n

More electrons than protons To become negative ions (anions) 8p 8n

has overall negative charge negative ion (anion) O2-O2-O2-O2- Due to addition of 2 electrons 2- To become negative ions (anions) 8p 8n

-> e.g. Cl -, O 2- Generally non-metals have many outer electrons (4-7) They -> -> tend to ______ electrons gain -> form negative ions (anions)

Na atom 11p 12n No overall charge p=11e=11 To become positive ions (cations)

11p 12n

To become positive ions (cations) 11p 12n

Removal of 1 electron To become positive ions (cations) 11p 12n

More protons than electrons To become positive ions (cations) 11p 12n

has overall positive charge positive ion (cation) Na + + Loss of 1 electron To become positive ions (cations) 11p 12n

Mg atom No overall charge To become positive ions (cations) 12p 12n

To become positive ions (cations) 12p 12n

To become positive ions (cations) 12p 12n

To become positive ions (cations) 12p 12n

To become positive ions (cations) 12p 12n

Removal of 2 electrons To become positive ions (cations) 12p 12n

More protons than electrons To become positive ions (cations) 12p 12n

has overall positive charge Mg 2+ Loss of 2 electrons positive ion (cation) To become positive ions (cations) 12p 12n 2+

-> form positive ions (cations) -> example Na +, Mg 2+ metals Generally metals have few outer electrons (1-3 electrons) They -> -> tend to _________electrons lose