Types of Bonds 2 Section 19.2 part 2

Covalent bonding Group 4A- have 4 valence electrons Too much energy is required to lose or gain 4 electrons, so these atoms share electrons Covalent Bonding- attraction that occurs between atoms when they share electrons Made up of 2 nonmetals Molecule- neutral particle formed when elements covalently bond Ionic bonds result in formula units instead of molecules

Covalent Bonding Single Covalent Bond- made up of 2 shared electrons, usually one from one atom and the 2nd from the other atom http://www.dac.neu.edu/physics/b.maheswaran/phy1121/data/ch09/anim/anim0904.htm Double Covalent bond- 4 electrons shared Triple Covalent bond- 6 electrons shared

Covalent Bonding Electrons are not always shared equally in covalent bonds- Strength of attraction for electrons varies due to: size of atom, charge of nucleus, and total number of electrons Less attraction for electrons far from the nucleus Greater + charge in nucleus = greater attraction for electrons

Covalent Bonding Unequal sharing of electrons- each atom attracts the shared electrons, but one atom has a greater attraction than the other Polar molecule- one end slightly + and one end slightly negative due to unequal electron sharing Nonpolar molecule- electrons are shared equally by the atoms in the molecule Made up of 2 atoms of the same element- diatomic molecules- usually

Diatomic Molecules Hydrogen, nitrogen, chlorine, fluorine, bromine, iodine, oxygen There are 7 and they form a 7 on the periodic table (except for H)