Russia VIR SAHU. JUSTIN SHAPIRO. NIBRAS KHAN. JAMES DUFFY. HANNAH MAHTAT.

IVAN I ( ) He reigned from Aka: “Money Bags” Russian Orthodox Ivan I was put in charge of Norvogord at the age of eight by Prince Daniil. He was a Russian prince and he served the Mongols by collecting the taxes. The Mongols eventually gave him the title “Great Prince” because of his excellent service. Ivan and his successors gradually enlarged their kingdom by purchase, war, trickery, and clever marriages. Ivan eventually became prince of Moscow when his older brother, Yury, was killed by his rival Dmitry in His rival, Aleksandr of Tver, was crowned grand prince of Vladimir after Dmitry died. Ivan was able to move the residence of Saint Peter, which was the head of the Russian Church, to Moscow from Vladimir. Moscow became spiritual capital of Rus, which annoyed other princes. In 1327, Ivan’s rival Aleksandr took part in an uprising during one of the Great Khans ambassadors and his suite were killed. The Khan became furiuos and summoned Ivan to the Golden Horde, where he got title of grand prince of Vladimir 1328, The Khan rewarded Ivan with the title of being the new prince of Novgorod after his great military campaigns. He built the Moscow Kremlin, which was a wooden fortification including oak walls.

LEGACY FOR IVAN I  Got nickname “moneybags” from gathering great wealth and he used the wealth to expand and for the development of his principality  Some believe for giving money to beggars.  The whole North-Eastern Rus turned into a peaceful area  Safety of the Moscow Principality created trade, agriculture, crafts, and enabled more people to come live there.  Thanks to his efforts the Principality became the centre of consolidation of the Rus lands  Earned good reputation among locals for catching robbers and thieves.

 He had 43 years of reign  Aka. Ivan the Great  Russian Orthodox  married niece of last Byzantine Emperor and from then on, called himself Czar- Russian for Caesar  Refused to pay tribute to Mongols when Moscow freed itself from the Mongol Yoke in  Increased his authority either by conquest, purchases of surrounding sovereign territories, or by using diplomatic talent in exacting allegiance from weaker princes.  He tripled territory of his state and became the “gatherer” of Russian land.  He tried to make Moscow a fitting capitol for his empire and in the center of the city there was the Kremlin- a walled citadel or fortress.  He also laid an administrative foundations of a centralized Russian State.  Invaded Norgorod, forced it to accept his sovereignty, and stripped it of the last vestiges of political citizens with reliable elements from his own domains.  Norvogord no longer offered resistance to Ivan.  The decline of the empire happened in 1505 which was the year of Ivan’s death. His successor however, was Vasiliy III. IVAN III ( )

 Made Moscow the center of Russian power which earned him the title of the “Great”  created code of law known as Sudebnik- the law he created  First time laws in Moscow were written down in one place  Created Kremlin  He gained independence from Mongols from his state.  He was both the first Czar and the first leader of a united Russian nation.  Established Moscow as a great power to be reckoned with and set in motion to re-conquest of the Ukraine from Poland and Lithuania. LEGACY FOR IVAN III

 Reigned from  Aka. Ivan the Terrible  Russian Orthodox  Became czar of Muscovy in 1547, trade routes opened up as expansion grew.  Boyars wanted more power, so they mistreated Ivan and threatened him.  He developed a hatred for boyars and as a teenager he began killing people who went against his wishes.  He also gave advisers gifts of land and jobs as officials.  Ivan took first step in turning free peasants into serfs when he ordered them not leave their land, to make sure that officials’ country estates were farmed while the officials themselves were in Moscow with him.  In 1553, he suffered a near death illness, and several years later his wife (Anastasia) died.  1564 he left Moscow, which led the people demanding for his return, which he did return but demanded to rule all of Moscow and to punish anyone who was disloyal.  Next year, the Oprichnina, or separate estate, was set up  Members of the Oprichnina were called Oprichniki.  In 1570 the most severe massacre was campaigned by the Oprichniki  It was on the wealthy city of Novgorod.  Ivan led the troops, and the city was savaged.  By the end of his life he was unpredictable and bad tempered.  Decline of his empire was on March 18, 1584, when he died and his unfit and childless son took the throne. His son was named Feodor. IVAN IV ( )

LEGACY FOR IVAN IV  He created the Tsar library.  Had a mind for literacy- had over 800 manuscripts of Greek and Latin.  Created first printing press in Russia.  He was a skilled manipulator, and a ruthless monarch.  His nickname was a controversial legacy.  The english word “terrible” is used to translate the Russina word Gronzy.  Gronzy’s meaning is closely to inspiring fear or terror.  Some believe his intended nickname was supposed to be Ivan the Fearsome.  He was well educated for his time.  Ever since his illness and death of his wife he was angered.

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