Liang,Introduction to Java Programming,revised by Dai-kaiyu 1 Chapter 12 Event-Driven Programming 找出画中真谛 — 保罗. 塞尚

Liang,Introduction to Java Programming,revised by Dai-kaiyu 2 Objectives To explain the concept of event-driven programming (§12.2). To understand event, event source, and event classes (§12.2). To declare listener classes and write the code to handle events (§11.3). To register listener objects in the source object (§11.3). To understand how an event is handled (§11.3). To write programs to deal with ActionEvent (§11.3). To write programs to deal with MouseEvent (§11.4). To write programs to deal with KeyEvent (§11.5). To use the Timer class to control animations (§11.6 Optional).

Liang,Introduction to Java Programming,revised by Dai-kaiyu 3 Procedural vs. Event-Driven Programming Procedural programming is executed in procedural order. In OO GUI programming, code is executed upon activation of events. GUIs are event driven  Generate events when user interacts with GUI e.g., moving mouse, pressing button, typing in text field, etc. Class java.awt.AWTEvent

Liang,Introduction to Java Programming,revised by Dai-kaiyu 4 Events An event can be defined as a type of signal to the program that something has happened. The event is generated by external user actions such as mouse movements, mouse clicks, and keystrokes, or by the operating system, such as a timer.

Liang,Introduction to Java Programming,revised by Dai-kaiyu 5 Event Classes

Liang,Introduction to Java Programming,revised by Dai-kaiyu 6 Event Information An event object contains whatever properties are pertinent to the event. You can identify the source object of the event using the getSource() instance method in the EventObject class. The subclasses of EventObject deal with special types of events, such as button actions, window events, component events, mouse movements, and keystrokes. Table 12.1 lists external user actions, source objects, and event types generated.

Liang,Introduction to Java Programming,revised by Dai-kaiyu 7 Selected User Actions SourceEvent Type User ActionObjectGenerated Click a button JButtonActionEvent Click a check box JCheckBoxItemEvent, ActionEvent Click a radio button JRadioButtonItemEvent, ActionEvent Press return on a text field JTextFieldActionEvent Select a new item JComboBoxItemEvent, ActionEvent Window opened, closed, etc. WindowWindowEvent Mouse pressed, released, etc. ComponentMouseEvent Key released, pressed, etc. ComponentKeyEvent

Liang,Introduction to Java Programming,revised by Dai-kaiyu 8 Event-Handling Model Event-handling model  Three parts Event source GUI component with which user interacts Event object Encapsulates information about event that occurred Event listener Receives event object when notified, then responds  Programmer must perform two tasks Register event listener for event source Implement event-handling method (event handler)

Liang,Introduction to Java Programming,revised by Dai-kaiyu 9 The Delegation Model

Liang,Introduction to Java Programming,revised by Dai-kaiyu 10 How Event Handling Works Two open questions from  How did event handler get registered? Answer: Through component’s method addActionListener  How does component know to call actionPerformed ? Answer: Event is dispatched only to listeners of appropriate type Each event type has corresponding event-listener interface  Event ID specifies event type that occurred For example: MouseEvent event’s ID spedify which method of the seven events will be handler

Liang,Introduction to Java Programming,revised by Dai-kaiyu 11 The Delegation Model: Example ListenerClass listener = new ListenerClass(); JButton jbt = new JButton("OK"); jbt.addActionListener(listener);

Liang,Introduction to Java Programming,revised by Dai-kaiyu 12 Event-listener interfaces of package java.awt.event

Liang,Introduction to Java Programming,revised by Dai-kaiyu 13 Selected Event Handlers Event ClassListener InterfaceListener Methods (Handlers) ActionEventActionListeneractionPerformed(ActionEvent) ItemEventItemListeneritemStateChanged(ItemEvent) WindowEventWindowListenerwindowClosing(WindowEvent) windowOpened(WindowEvent) windowIconified(WindowEvent) windowDeiconified(WindowEvent) windowClosed(WindowEvent) windowActivated(WindowEvent) windowDeactivated(WindowEvent) ContainerEventContainerListenercomponentAdded(ContainerEvent) componentRemoved(ContainerEvent) MouseEventMouseListenermousePressed(MouseEvent) mouseReleased(MouseEvent) mouseClicked(MouseEvent) mouseExited(MouseEvent) mouseEntered(MouseEvent) KeyEventKeyListenerkeyPressed(KeyEvent) keyReleased(KeyEvent) keyTypeed(KeyEvent)

Liang,Introduction to Java Programming,revised by Dai-kaiyu 14 java.awt.event.ActionEvent

Liang,Introduction to Java Programming,revised by Dai-kaiyu 15 Example 12.1 Handling Simple Action Events Objective: Display two buttons OK and Cancel in the window. A message is displayed on the console to indicate which button is clicked, when a button is clicked. TestActionEvent Run

Liang,Introduction to Java Programming,revised by Dai-kaiyu 16 Example 12.2 Handling Window Events TestWindowEvent Run  Objective: Demonstrate handling the window events. Any subclass of the Window class can generate the following window events: window opened, closing, closed, activated, deactivated, iconified, and deiconified. This program creates a frame, listens to the window events, and displays a message to indicate the occurring event.

Liang,Introduction to Java Programming,revised by Dai-kaiyu 17 Example 12.3 Multiple Listeners for a Single Source TestMultipleListener Run F Objective: This example modifies Example 12.1 to add a new listener for each button. The two buttons OK and Cancel use the frame class as the listener. This example creates a new listener class as an additional listener for the action events on the buttons. When a button is clicked, both listeners respond to the action event.

Liang,Introduction to Java Programming,revised by Dai-kaiyu 18 MouseEvent

Liang,Introduction to Java Programming,revised by Dai-kaiyu 19 Handling Mouse Events Java provides two listener interfaces, MouseListener and MouseMotionListener, to handle mouse events. The MouseListener listens for actions such as when the mouse is pressed, released, entered, exited, or clicked. The MouseMotionListener listens for actions such as dragging or moving the mouse.

Liang,Introduction to Java Programming,revised by Dai-kaiyu 20 Handling Mouse Events

Liang,Introduction to Java Programming,revised by Dai-kaiyu 21 Example 12.4 Moving Message Using Mouse Objective: Create a program to display a message in a panel. You can use the mouse to move the message. The message moves as the mouse drags and is always displayed at the mouse point. MoveMessageDemoRun

Liang,Introduction to Java Programming,revised by Dai-kaiyu 22 Example 12.5 Handling Complex Mouse Events Objective: Create a program for drawing using a mouse. Draw by dragging with the left mouse button pressed; erase by dragging with the right button pressed. ScribbleDemoRun

Liang,Introduction to Java Programming,revised by Dai-kaiyu 23 Adapter Classes Adapter class  Implements interface  Provides default implementation of each interface method  Used when all methods in interface is not needed

Liang,Introduction to Java Programming,revised by Dai-kaiyu 24 Event adapter classes and the interfaces they implement.

Liang,Introduction to Java Programming,revised by Dai-kaiyu 25 1 // Fig : Painter.java 2 // Using class MouseMotionAdapter. 3 4 // Java core packages 5 import java.awt.*; 6 import java.awt.event.*; 7 8 // Java extension packages 9 import javax.swing.*; public class Painter extends JFrame { 12 private int xValue = -10, yValue = -10; // set up GUI and register mouse event handler 15 public Painter() 16 { 17 super( "A simple paint program" ); // create a label and place it in SOUTH of BorderLayout 20 getContentPane().add( 21 new Label( "Drag the mouse to draw" ), 22 BorderLayout.SOUTH ); addMouseMotionListener( // anonymous inner class 27 new MouseMotionAdapter() { // store drag coordinates and repaint 30 public void mouseDragged( MouseEvent event ) 31 { 32 xValue = event.getX(); 33 yValue = event.getY(); 34 repaint(); 35 } Register MouseMotionListener to listen for window’s mouse-motion events Override method mouseDragged, but not method mouseMoved Store coordinates where mouse was dragged, then repaint JFrame

Liang,Introduction to Java Programming,revised by Dai-kaiyu } // end anonymous inner class ); // end call to addMouseMotionListener setSize( 300, 150 ); 42 setVisible( true ); 43 } // draw oval in a 4-by-4 bounding box at the specified 46 // location on the window 47 public void paint( Graphics g ) 48 { 49 // we purposely did not call super.paint( g ) here to 50 // prevent repainting g.fillOval( xValue, yValue, 4, 4 ); 53 } // execute application 56 public static void main( String args[] ) 57 { 58 Painter application = new Painter(); application.addWindowListener( // adapter to handle only windowClosing event 63 new WindowAdapter() { public void windowClosing( WindowEvent event ) 66 { 67 System.exit( 0 ); 68 } 69 Draw circle of diameter 4 where user dragged cursor super.paint( g ) will clear the background of the window. Then will not keep the previous voals. Showcase

Liang,Introduction to Java Programming,revised by Dai-kaiyu } // end anonymous inner class ); // end call to addWindowListener 73 } } // end class Painter Painter.java

Liang,Introduction to Java Programming,revised by Dai-kaiyu 28 Handling Keyboard Events keyPressed(KeyEvent e) Called when a key is pressed. keyReleased(KeyEvent e) Called when a key is released. keyTyped(KeyEvent e) Called when a key is pressed and then released.invoked when a Unicode character is entered. If the key dosen’t has one (eg modifier key), the keyTyped handler will not be invoked. To process a keyboard event, use the following handlers in the KeyListener interface:

Liang,Introduction to Java Programming,revised by Dai-kaiyu 29 The KeyEvent Class Methods: getKeyChar() method getKeyCode() method Keys: HomeVK_HOME EndVK_End Page UpVK_PGUP Page DownVK_PGDN etc...

Liang,Introduction to Java Programming,revised by Dai-kaiyu 30 The KeyEvent Class, cont.

Liang,Introduction to Java Programming,revised by Dai-kaiyu 31 Example 12.6 Keyboard Events Demo Objective: Display a user-input character. The user can also move the character up, down, left, and right using the arrow keys. KeyboardEventDemo Run

Liang,Introduction to Java Programming,revised by Dai-kaiyu 32 The Timer Class Not all source objects are GUI components. The javax.swing.Timer class is a source component that fires an ActionEvent at a predefined rate. Optional The Timer class can be used to control animations. For example, you can use it to display a moving message. AnimationDemo Run

Liang,Introduction to Java Programming,revised by Dai-kaiyu 33 Clock Animation In Section 11.12, you drew a StillClock to show the current time. The clock does not tick after it is displayed. What can you do to make the clock display a new current time every second? The key to making the clock tick is to repaint it every second with a new current time. You can use a timer to control how to repaint the clock. ClockAnimation Run