1 SURFACE Property 4 SURFACE Smooth surface2D protrusions3D protrusions 1

2 Property 4 Surface Carved shelves to save space Dimpled train to glide Non-stick packaging to clean Textual flip-flops to appear Ribbed surface to heat Serrated tape to tear Lotus effect to self-clean Corrugated surface to increase structural strength

3 Property 4 Surface Braille wine label to identify Shark skin swimsuit to glide Radiator breakfast tray to heat Teflon coated roller tray to clean Finned cup to cool Lego bricks to assemble Protruded chocolate to break Structured surface to break

BENEFITS of SURFACE 4 Smooth surface 2D protrusions 3D protrusions Increase anti-slip property Create a deliberate weak point Improve drainage Improve heat transfer properties Improve location for two joining parts Improve traction Increase controllability Increase heat resistance Increase noise Make it easier to grip Reduce drag Reduce processing time Add identification marks Improve self-cleaning Improve accuracy

Product Sugar coating on biscuits/cakes/etc Process Fins for shaking More surface means more reaction, Surface to initiate weak point break Flow spoilers inside Ribena bottle prevent drips when halting the pouring process Form a skin on top of custard Mould (or engrave) product branding information onto product - e.g. Polo mints Engrave advertisements of other products (by the same manufacturer) onto the product. Braille labelling Corrugated sides on a container for hot products (e.g. disposable coffee cup) make the product cooler to hold Grilling food provides a more directional heat source than, say, cooking in oven Top and bottom surfaces of a baked bean tin are different in order to facilitate stacking 5 Property 4 Surface Surface

Product Moulded hand grips on tools Single-sided cellotape Drink cans shaped to facilitate stable stacking Process Material surface treatments/ coatings - plating, erosion/corrosion protection, non-stick, etc Fisures for sound absorption Protrusions on engines for cooling Reduce drag on aerodynamic surfaces by adding riblets or 'shark-skin' protrusions Nano surface for self cleaning Aerodynamic surfaces 6 Property 4 Surface Surface

7 POROSITY Property 5 POROSITY SolidHollowMultiple hollow 7

8 GEOX permeable shoes to cool Double wall glass to insulate Hollow PaintStick to contain Light and air permeable door to appear Property 5 POROSITY Hollow glasses to vary Hollow pitcher to cool Hollow mug to contain Hollow foam to insulate Serrations to break

9 Aquabell water weights to store Permeable shoe soles to drain Property 5 POROSITY Triple inner hose to store Hollow easter egg to break Hollow spoon to measure Hollow hangers to store Collapsible ladder to store Hollow breath gloves to heat Baby bottle with syringe to dispense

BENEFITS of POROSITY 10 Make it easy to handle Add a hole to hang object Add ability to be inflated Add new function or integration of other functions Create a space to insert something Create the impression of increased size Maintain temperature Make it easier to assemble Pass something through the object Reduce weight Create deliberate weak point Improve fuel economy Improve heat transfer properties Improve storage capacity Improve filtering capacity Increase system flexibility Isolate stresses or loads Make it difficult to replicate or copy Make it easier to carry Improve grip Improve absorbing Reduce materials used Porosity

Product Drill holes in a structure to reduce the weight Cavity wall insulation Transpiration film cooled structures Desiccant in polystyrene packing materials Medicated swabs/dressings Whipped cream Souffle/mousse/etc Hollow Easter-egg Filled chocolate - liqueurs, toffee-fillings, etc Process Use sponge-like structures as fluid absorption media Use a porous metal mesh to wick excess solder away from a joint Foam metals Store hydrogen in the pores of a palladium sponge. (Fuel "tank" for the hydrogen car--much safer than storing hydrogen gas) 11 Property 5 POROSITY Porosity

Human + semi automated tool Fully automated toolHuman 12 AUTOMATION Property 6 AUTOMATION 12

13 Self-heating meal Self-assembling tent Robo Builder to assemble ROOMBA floor cleaner to clean Property 6 AUTOMATION Self-adapting shoe Self folding stroller to store Self stirring mug to mix Swallowable robot to inspect

14 Self-leveling laser Spray on fingernails to apply Self-inflating tyres Self-detecting toaster Property 6 AUTOMATION Self-rocking baby bed Self-dispensing perfume Self chilling bottle to cool Self-supporting bodyweight assistant

15 Teaching techniques: Stimulate participants to write about it (wikipedia) Property 6 AUTOMATION Learn by /osmosis Automation in collecting customer information Keep track of Customers Orders Demands Wishes This can be done through tender forms invoice details 1. introduction | 2. value | 3. resources | 4. nine windows | 5. analogy | 6. patents | 7. properties | 8.conflicts | 9. product dna | 10. appendix Osmosis is really a scientific term relating to the flow of fluids through a semi-permeable membrane. With respect to learning, it means a gradual, often unconscious process of assimilation. The term has been applied to "sleep learning,“ "unconscious learning."

16 AUTOMATION Human + semi automated tool Fully automated tool human In "precision farming," GPS now guides tractors to plow and seed fields, instrumentalizing the earth remotely and resulting in a monoculture of cornfields over thousands of acres throughout Iowa and into several other midwestern states. The AUTO-GUIDE Satellite Navigation System is a steer- assist feature that automatically guides the agriculture vehicle along a path established by GPS (Global Positioning System). The system steers the vehicle electronically, so operator steering corrections are not required while the system is engaged. Auto-Guide uses sub-metre, decimetre and centimetre (USA only) accuracy to provide straight lines, while the operator is simply required to turn the machine at headlands.Operators are consequently less fatigued and work more efficiently into the night, or in low visibility situations, with reduced skips and overlaps - resulting in increased efficiency and economic savings.In addition, repeatability or Controlled Traffic eliminates guess rows and reduces widespread compaction, leading to environmental savings.  See video Precision farming Source:auto-guidenav.com 1. introduction | 2. value | 3. resources | 4. nine windows | 5. analogy | 6. patents | 7. properties | 8.conflicts | 9. product dna | 10. appendix

17 BENEFITS of AUTOMATION Decrease user involvement Increase user involvement Create the ability to deliver extremes of a function, outside the human range Decrease user involvement Reduce human drudgery Add self-balancing Create opportunities for self-learning Improve delivery system Improve user safety Reduce fatique effect Reduce time wastage Human + semi automated tool

Product A soda fountain pump that runs on the pressure of the carbon dioxide that is used to "fizz" the drinks. This assures that drinks will not be flat, and eliminates the need for sensors Halogen lamps regenerate the filament during use-- evaporated material is redeposited Large Yorkshire puddings act as the food container as well as being edible Ditto taco-shells, pitta- bread, Cornish pastie, etc Sausage skins Process Self-locking nut Self-cleaning oven Self-balancing wheel Use heat from a process to generate electricity "Co- generation" Use animal waste as fertilizer Use food and lawn waste to create compost Self-heating tinned food/drinks Self-cooling soda tins Self-regulating temperature coffee cups - keep the contents warmer for longer 18 Property 6 AUTOMATION Human + semi automated tool