LOCAL FLORA – Lecture 07 Dr. Donald P. Althoff LEC 07 Families – Part III Monocots w/ Non- Showy Flowers

Set III – all __________ Grass family Sedge family Rush family Cattail family Arrowhead family Water Nymph family Pondweed family Duckweed family

Grass Family -- Poaceae Older family designation is Gramineae…which leads to the term _____________ Graminoids = grasses and sedges and rushes (think narrow blades/leaves) Most are herbaceous but some woody (think bamboo) They _____ showy petals and sepals because they are _______________

grass plants maintain 3 defining characteristics from other members of the plant kingdom:grass petal-less flowers emerge between the bracts on leaf-less stems leaves on grass plants take on a flat form and stretch out long and slender. At the stem, these leaves cling tightly and form a type of sheath. the round stems remain hollow in the center. The nodes, or joints, along the stem also appear swollen. Grass Family 1 2 3

Sedge Family TAXONICALLY: ____________ perennial graminoids (herbs and forbs) Species include: fox sedge Gray’s sedge lake (hairy) sedge palm (Muskingum) sedge yellownut sedge

Sedge Family stem pattern _____…usually. Results in __________ stem Stem is ______ (vs. grass which is hollow) ___________sheath (vs. grass which is open)

Sedge Family stem pattern _____ “lumpy nodes” (vs. grasses) _____ lack edges; example with round stems is Scripus sp. … …aka bulrushes..but some panicled bulrush

Sedge Family key then… Sedges have ______ but grasses have ______ And look for “_____” stems Squarrose sedge ( Carex squarrosa ) “squarrosa” is Latin for scruffy...not 4-sided

Rush Family TAXONICALLY: ___________ perennial graminoids (herbs and forbs) Species include: slender rush flatleaved rush alpine rush poverty rush slimpod rush common rush

Rush Family patterns _______ stems. Stem is ____ (vs. grass which is hollow) Flowers: like ____… __ sepals __ petals __-parted stigma __-chambered ovary __-stamens (usually) top down – cross-section view

Rush Family why lily like? The __ sepals, __ petals, 6 stamens pattern The difference, though: rush flowers are ______ and ______

Cattail Family TAXONICALLY: _____________ perennial herbs and forbs ____ a graminoid representative ! Species include: broadleaf cattail(OH) narrow leaf cattail (OH) southern cattail (not OH)

Cattail Family ____ leaves & “_________________” appearance Male & female parts _____ flower—they wither after releasing pollen _______ flower—this portion matures into familiar “cattail”

Arrowhead Family TAXONICALLY: ________________ perennial herbs and forbs _________ species! Species include: arrowhead water plantain burhead

Arrowhead Family __ white petals __ green sepals

Arrowhead Family __ or more simple pistils ____ or more stamens

Arrowhead Family Leaves ______________ Leaves are _____ Considered a very “__________” monocot

Water Nymph Family TAXONICALLY: _____________ perennial herbs and forbs _______ species! __________ submerged Species include: brittle water-nymph water nymph

Water Nymph Family Male (__________) and female (__________) flowers Leaves are _____ and ________ Leaf base: stipules or sheathed

Pondweed Family TAXONICALLY: _________________ perennial herbs and forbs _______species species! Fresh & Saltwater spp. ________ and _________ leaves Species include: pondweedx eel grass ditch grass

Pondweed Family ___ pistils __ stamens _________= where sepals and petals indistinguishable eel grass

Duckweed Family TAXONICALLY: ______________ perennial herbs and forbs __________ species Includes world’s smallest flowering plant Species include: common duckweed greater duckweed bogmat water meal

Duckweed Family Leaves & flowers “______” Roots “_____” from floating plant

Duckweed Family Eaten by many bird and mammal species Easily “__________” as whole plants