Endocrine/Male/Female Reproduction Chapter 18
The ENDOCRINE SYSTEM - Regulates long-term changes in the body such as growth and development (controls many of your body’s functions) - Endocrine glands – produce and release chemical substances that signal changes in other parts of the body - Hormones – chemical substances produced by an endocrine gland FUNCTIONS OF GLANDS: - Hypothalamus - body temperature and sleep/hunger, water levels - Pituitary – growth, reproduction, metabolism (master gland) - Thyroid, Parathyroid, thymus, adrenal, pancreas, ovaries, testes - Puberty – the period of sexual development during which a person becomes sexually mature and physically able to reproduce
The male reproductive system Structure and Function: - Sperm – male reproductive cells - Fertilization – process where a sperm cell may join with an egg to produce a baby - Testes – 2 oval—shaped male reproductive cells stored in the Scrotum - Production of testosterone - Production of sperm - Penis – the external sexual organ through which sperm leave the body Sperm Production: hormones in brain signal two hormones (LH and FSH) to make testosterone and Semen (mixture of sperm cells and fluids from other glands) - Ejaculation – ejection of semen from the penis
Keeping healthy Cleanliness Sexual Abstinence Protection from Trauma Self-Exams Medical Checkups - Infertility – the condition of being unable to reproduce
The female reproductive system Structure and Function: - Ova – female reproduction cell - Ovaries – glands in which eggs are produced and stored Estrogen – hormone that activates certain physical changes (breast development and maturation of eggsk) Progesterone – activates changes to a woman’s reproductive system before and during pregnancy Ovulation – release of a ripened egg once a month - Fallopian tubes – passageways that carry eggs away from the ovaries (where fertilization usually takes place) - Uterus – hollow, muscular, pear-shaped organ – where a fertilized egg can develop and grow - Vagina – birth canal, hollow muscular passage leading from the uterus to the outside of the body
The menstrual cycle - an ovary releases a mature egg. The egg travels to the uterus. If the egg is not fertilized, the uterine lining is shed and a new cycle begins
The menstrual cycle
Keeping healthy - Cleanliness - Sexual Abstinence - Prompt Treatment for Infections - Self-Exams - Medical Checkups - Pap smear - Mammogram - Ovarian cysts - Endometriosis - Infertility
Heredity - the passing on, or transmission, of biological traits from parent to child - chromosomes - genes Heredity information passes from one generation to the next through genes contained on the two sets of chromosomes that a person receives from their parents Genetic Disorder – caused by the inheritance of an abnormal gene or chromosome For most diseases, your environment and your behavior affect your risk as much as or even more than your genes. - Genetic Testing - Gene Therapy