1 Joint Task Force on Environmental Indicators Geneva, July 2011 Norwegian surveys on pesticide use in agriculture by Svein Homstvedt and Ole O. Moss, Statistics Norway Contents  Our northern advantages  Pesticide use for field crops  Pesticide use for greenhouses  The “PPP-gap” (PPP = Plant Protection Products)

2 Survey on the use of pesticides Geneva 2011 A complex business, but fortunately there are some Northern advantages  Few crops  Less PPPs than further south  System of record-keeping on farm level has been implemented  More obedient farmers?  Some experience gained

3 Survey on the use of pesticides – field crops Geneva 2011 Comprising the following field-crops:  meadows and pasture land  grain (barley, oats, spring wheat, winter wheat, oil- seeds)  potatoes  onions, common cabbage, carrots  strawberries, apples The population was covering 97 per cent of total agricultural area

4 Survey on the use of pesticides – field crops Geneva 2011 Content of questionnaires (8 versions)  Preprinted: area of a particular crop  Number of parcels (with the corresponding crop)  Equipment for spraying  Main type of PPP used on each parcel  Detailed use of pesticides on the largest parcel number and date of treatments size of area sprayed name of compound dosage per decare

5 Survey on the use of pesticides – field crops Geneva Survey design – field crops  Sampling frame: All holdings applying for governmental grants – except holdings practicing mainly organic framing  Sample size 2008: 4300 (9.5 % of frame)  Sampling plan considering: -12 types of crops – then 8 questionnaires! -4 size group by agricultural area in use -both “generalists” and “specialists” “toxic load factor - TLF” -an estimated “toxic load factor - TLF” for each crop (TLF =load of pesticid pr hectar specified for each crop x area of the specified crop)

6 Survey on the use of pesticides – field crops Geneva 2011 Data collection  2001 and 2003: postal  2005 and 2008: postal and web reporting  Questionnaires sent out in November based on the number of holdings applying for grants pr. July preliminary results in July the year afterwards  Voluntary response Incentive: Lottery (3 traveller’s cheques of ca 1000 US$ each)  Response rate ca. 70 per cent (after one reminder)  Quality surprisingly good

7 Survey on the use of pesticides – field crops Geneva 2011 Resources used  Total resource use in Statistics Norway: 2001: man-hours 2003: man-hours 2005: man-hours 2008:1 700 man-hours (ca)  50 per cent financial support by The Norwegian Food Safety Authorities

8 Survey on the use of pesticides – field crops Geneva 2011 Average no of treatments with pesticides. 2001, 2003 and 2005

9 Survey on the use of pesticides – field crops Geneva 2011 Share of crop area treated with pesticides. 2001, 2003 and Per cent

10 Survey on the use of pesticides – field crops Geneva 2011 Share of crop area treated with herbicides. 2001, 2003 and Per cent

11 Survey on the use of pesticides – field crops Geneva 2011 Share of crop area treated with insecticides. 2001, 2003 and Per cent

12 Survey on the use of pesticides – field crops Geneva 2011 Area sprayed with fungicides, by month. Percentage of the total area sprayed for various crops AprilMaiJuniJuliAugustSeptemberOktober Potet Kepaløk Gulrot Hodekål 496 Jordbær Eple Bygg Havre 100 Vårhvete Høsthvete Oljevekster

13 greenhouses Survey on the use of pesticides - greenhousesGeneva 2011 Survey on use of pesticides in greenhouses  A full scale pilot !  Data collection started February 2009  Reference year 2008

14 Survey on the use of pesticides – greenhouses Geneva 2011 Comprising the following crop groups:  Salads  Herbs  Tomatoes  Cucumbers  Berries  Flowering pot plants  Cut flowers  Foliage plants  Bedding plants

15 Survey on the use of pesticides – greenhouses Geneva 2011 Survey design – greenhouse  Sampling frame: All holdings with a minimum of 300 m 2 of greenhouse area  Sample size 2008: 685 (100%)  Sampling plan: 1.Ranking the nine crop groups by the number of holdings 2.Sampling all holdings in the crop group with the lowest number of holdings 3.Sampling all holdings in the next group, deducting those already sampled 4.Etc.

16 Survey on the use of pesticides – greenhouses Geneva 2011 Content of questionnaires (9 versions – all most identical)  Area of the particular crop/plant  (Type of flower plant)  Use of biological agents (area, duration )  Type of equipment and type of floor  Detailed use of pesticides number and date of treatments area sprayed name of compound dosage per m 2

17 Survey on the use of pesticides – greenhouses Geneva 2011 Data collection and experiences – green houses  Only postal  Questionnaires sent out 13. February  Voluntary response  Response rate: 55 per cent (out of the 685)  Work load:More than planned  Quality:Overall good some elements need to be improved

18 Survey on the use of pesticides – field crops Geneva 2011 Comparing two data sources is a risky operation… Used in agriculture Total sales

19 Survey on the use of pesticides – field crops Geneva 2011 Explaining the gap between total sales of Plant Protection Products and the use in agriculture

20 That´s all folks ! Experts: Agriculture: Mr. Geir Inge Gundersen Greenhouses: Mr. Per Amund Aarstad