7 Secrets of Graphic Organizers  James Lerman Coordinator NJ Consortium for Middle Schools Kean University :: Union, NJ

Getting to the point

How do you make a peanut butter sandwich?

1. If you needed to save money in making the sandwich, what are some ways you could do it? 2. If you needed to save time in making the sandwich, what are some ways you could do it? 3. What if you were having a party and had to make 50 peanut butter sandwiches. Would you follow the same process? Why? 4. What if you were in a contest to make the best tasting peanut butter sandwich. Would you follow the same process? Why? 5. Suppose you were running a restaurant and had to decide how much to charge a customer for a peanut butter sandwich. What’s the most effective way to figure this out? 6. What’s the best way to make a peanut butter sandwich?

Flow Chart

Why Are Graphic Organizers Important?

Not to scale, for trend analysis onlySource: J. Lerman from state and national test data

GOs lead toward more self-managed learning

Double Bubble Diagram CrutchHammer

Graphic Organizers A tool Not a crutch

Here comes the point!

The goal of using graphic organizers is to develop independent use by students. Unless mastery of independent use is achieved, graphic organizers can become a crutch for the student, rather than a tool. The Goal of Graphic Organizers

Graphic Organizers A tool Not a crutch

“Please don’t give him any ideas.” (And now for a humorous interlude…) Source: The New Yorker

This is the heavy lifting… The Top Ten Graphic Organizers

The Top Ten GOs 1.Brace Map 2.Bridge Map 3.Bubble Map 4.Circle Map 5.Comparison Matrix* 6.Double Bubble Map 7.Flow Map 8.Multi-Flow Map 9.Tree Map 10.Three-Circle Venn Diagram* *Not part of David Hyerle’s Thinking Maps

The Top Ten GOs 1.Brace Map

Brace Map :: for identifying part-whole relationships

The Top Ten GOs 1.Brace Map 2.Bridge Map

Remember to identify (name) the Relating Factor Bridge Map :: for seeing analogies

The Top Ten GOs 1.Brace Map 2.Bridge Map 3.Bubble Map

Bubble Map :: for describing and analyzing

The Top Ten GOs 1.Brace Map 2.Bridge Map 3.Bubble Map 4.Circle Map

1.Your topic… in the center 2.What you know… in the doughnut 3.How you came to know it … in the box Circle Map :: for defining in context

The Top Ten GOs 1.Brace Map 2.Bridge Map 3.Bubble Map 4.Circle Map 5.Comparison Matrix

Comparison Matrix :: for comparing multiple items across multiple criteria

The Top Ten GOs 1.Brace Map 2.Bridge Map 3.Bubble Map 4.Circle Map 5.Comparison Matrix 6.Double Bubble Map

Double Bubble Map :: for comparing and contrasting Similarities Differences

The Top Ten GOs 1.Brace Map 2.Bridge Map 3.Bubble Map 4.Circle Map 5.Comparison Matrix 6.Double Bubble Map 7.Flow Map

Flow Map :: for sequencing and ordering

The Top Ten GOs 1.Brace Map 2.Bridge Map 3.Bubble Map 4.Circle Map 5.Comparison Matrix 6.Double Bubble Map 7.Flow Map 8.Multi-Flow Map

Multi-Flow Map :: for analyzing cause and effect

The Top Ten GOs 1.Brace Map 2.Bridge Map 3.Bubble Map 4.Circle Map 5.Comparison Matrix 6.Double Bubble Map 7.Flow Map 8.Multi-Flow Map 9.Tree Map

Tree Map :: for classifying and grouping

The Top Ten GOs 1.Brace Map 2.Bridge Map 3.Bubble Map 4.Circle Map 5.Comparison Matrix 6.Double Bubble Map 7.Flow Map 8.Multi-Flow Map 9.Tree Map 10.Three-Circle Venn Diagram

Three-Circle Venn Diagram :: for analyzing multiple interactions

The Top Ten GOs 1.Brace Map 2.Bridge Map 3.Bubble Map 4.Circle Map 5.Comparison Matrix* 6.Double Bubble Map 7.Flow Map 8.Multi-Flow Map 9.Tree Map 10.Three-Circle Venn Diagram* *Not part of David Hyerle’s Thinking Maps

“Have some respect for my learning style.” Source: The New Yorker (Another humorous interlude)

Now for a little more heavy lifting… The 9 Marzano Strategies

1.Identifying similarities and differences

The 9 Marzano Strategies 1.Identifying similarities and differences 2.Summarizing and taking notes

The 9 Marzano Strategies 1.Identifying similarities and differences 2.Summarizing and taking notes 3.Reinforcing effort & giving recognition

The 9 Marzano Strategies 1.Identifying similarities and differences 2.Summarizing and taking notes 3.Reinforcing effort & giving recognition 4.Homework and practice

The 9 Marzano Strategies 1.Identifying similarities and differences 2.Summarizing and taking notes 3.Reinforcing effort & giving recognition 4.Homework and practice 5.Nonlinguistic representations

The 9 Marzano Strategies 6. Cooperative learning

The 9 Marzano Strategies 6. Cooperative learning 7. Setting objectives & providing feedback

The 9 Marzano Strategies 6. Cooperative learning 7. Setting objectives & providing feedback 8. Generating & testing hypotheses

The 9 Marzano Strategies 6. Cooperative learning 7. Setting objectives & providing feedback 8. Generating & testing hypotheses 9. Cues, questions, & advance organizers

Let’s take another rest for a second…

Marzano StrategyGOs Identifying similarities and differences (including analogies) Bridge Map, Double-Bubble Map Summarizing and note takingBubble Map, Tree Map Reinforcing effort and giving recognition Flow Map, Multi-Flow Map Homework and practice Circle Map, Flow Map for planning All maps for doing Nonliguistic representations Use illustrations with, or instead of, words Cooperative learningAll maps well-suited Setting objectives and giving feedback Tree Map Generating and testing hypotheses Multi-Flow Map, Tree Map Cues, questions, and advance organizers Brace Map, Bubble Map, Flow Map, Tree Map Matching GOs to the Marzano Strategies

That’s all very nice… But how does it help ME?

This is what GOs help learners to do…

1.Plan approaches to a task

2. Organize a sequence of actions or series of data points

1. Plan approaches to a task 2. Organize a sequence of actions or series of data points 3. Hold action sequences in mind until executed

1. Plan approaches to a task 2. Organize a sequence of actions or series of data points 3. Hold action sequences in mind until executed 4. Inhibit actions irrelevant to the task at hand

5.Decide what to attend to and what to do

6.Make shifts when needed

5.Decide what to attend to and what to do 6. Make shifts when needed 7.Monitor and evaluate their own actions

5.Decide what to attend to and what to do 6. Make shifts when needed 7. Monitor and evaluate their own actions 8. Adjust emotions in response to perceived success or failure

And to summarize…

Let’s try it out… (What kind of GO is this?)

IsDidCanWouldWillMight Who What Where When How Why Question Creation Chart (Q-Chart)

How can GOs help teachers?

GOs lead toward more self-managed learning

We’re done! Let’s just do a quick summary…

Graphic Organizers A tool Not a crutch

The goal of using graphic organizers is to develop independent use by students. Unless mastery of independent use is achieved, graphic organizers can become a crutch for the student, rather than a tool. The Goal of Graphic Organizers

Marzano StrategyGOs Identifying similarities and differences (including analogies) Bridge Map, Double-Bubble Map Summarizing and note takingBubble Map, Tree Map Reinforcing effort and giving recognition Flow Map, Multi-Flow Map Homework and practice Circle Map, Flow Map for planning All maps for doing Nonliguistic representations Use illustrations with, or instead of, words Cooperative learningAll maps well-suited Setting objectives and giving feedback Tree Map Generating and testing hypotheses Multi-Flow Map, Tree Map Cues, questions, and advance organizers Brace Map, Bubble Map, Flow Map, Tree Map Matching GOs to the Marzano Strategies