Spanish Texas 1763-1819 Chapter 6 Section 1 End of Spanish Rule Spanish Texas 1763-1819 Chapter 6 Section 1

Spain Acquires Louisiana Great Britain wins 7 Years’ War against France (1756-1763) Treaty of Paris 1763 Great Britain gets Canada and all French land east of Mississippi River (except New Orleans) Spain gets New Orleans and all French land west of Mississippi River France loses colonial power in North America Spain questions need for missions and presidios in East Texas

Spain Closes East Texas Missions Marqués de Rubí sent to investigate need for East Texas missions Spain had neither wealth or power to defend its missions Suggestions abandon all Texas missions except San Antonio and Goliad (La Bahía) Create alliances with Comanches (fight against Apaches) Move East Texas settlers closer to San Antonio for protection San Antonio was hotter and drier (required irrigation) and best land already taken

Nacogdoches Founded Gil Ybarbo – leader of East Texans, pleaded to return to East Texas Given permission to settle along Trinity River Prospered at first Crop failure, chicken pox epidemic, and Comanche conflicts Moved east without permission and built Nacogdoches Deep in Piney Woods – isolated from Spanish control

Settlers Face Many Dangers Conflicts with Apaches and Comanches Lacked troop support and stopped funding Texas missions Spanish government insisted that the church support themselves

Spain Helps the American Colonies American Revolution occurs Spain opens port of New Orleans to American ships and supplied weapons, clothing, money, and medical supplies Spain enters American Revolution in 1779 Kept New Orleans out of British control Peace Treaty in 1783 Great Britain recognizes United States U.S. boundaries – Canada in the North, Mississippi River in the West, and Florida in the South Spain keeps Florida U.S. and Britain granted trading rights on the Mississippi River

Treaty of Paris 1783

The United States Buys Louisiana 1800 – Spain forced to return Louisiana to France U.S. buys Louisiana Territory for $15 million (doubles size of U.S.)

Disputes About Boundaries U.S. – their territory extends to Sabine River (includes parts of Texas) Spain – their territory extends to Calcasieu River in Louisiana Compromise – Neutral Ground established (1806-1819) No one controls area between Sabine and Calcasieu Became haven for smugglers and fugitives Adams-Onís Treaty (1819) U.S. gets Florida from Spain Sabine River is the boundary between Spain and U.S. U.S. surrenders all claims to Texas

Neutral Ground between Spanish Texas And United States Adams-Onis Treaty

Americans Migrate to Texas Filibusters (adventurers) – some wanted to seize control of Texas Philip Nolan (mustanger – captured and sold wild horses) Believed to be an American spy Warned not to return to Texas (but did!) Spanish soldiers attacked Nolan’s camp Peter Ellis Bean – only survivor of imprisonment and regained freedom

Unrest Grows in Texas Chapter 6 Section 2 End of Spanish Rule Unrest Grows in Texas Chapter 6 Section 2

Hidalgo Calls for Independence Mexicans unhappy with Spain Best jobs given to Spanish Increase taxes for Mexicans to pay for European wars Father Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla (Sept. 16, 1810) Issued a call for freedom (grito) Battled with Spain; failed to capture Mexico City Hidalgo is captured and executed in 1811

Gutiérrez-Magee Expedition Rebellion continues – Bernardo Gutiérrez de Lara goes to U.S. for supplies and $ Augustus Magee joined Gutiérrez to help liberate Texas from Spain Planned a government in which voters choose people to represent them (republic) Republican Army of the North Captured Goliad and San Antonio Spanish officials surrender Issue a declaration of independence for Texas Magee killed – Samuel Kemper takes over

Disagreements and Defeats Americans wanted a government like the U.S. (elected officials) and eventually become part of the U.S. Mexicans wanted a government like New Spain (appointed officials) and remain part of Mexico Spain conquers quarrelling troops (survivors either fled or were executed)

Revolutionaries and Pirates Some survivors of Gutiérrez-Magee Expedition make it to Galveston Island Got the help of Louis Michel Aury (French pirate) Left Galveston to fight Spanish ships Jean Laffite took over Aury’s operations in his absence Helped Americans against British in War of 1812 Pardoned by Pres. Madison for piracy crimes Continued piracy – U.S. forces him to leave Galveston

Spain Exiles French Colonists French colonists tried to settle near present- day Liberty Spanish government sends troops to remove colonists Colony abandoned

James Long Invades Texas Filibuster from Mississippi Felt that U.S. shouldn’t have given up Texas Captured town of Nacogdoches Set up a free and independent republic Captured by Spanish and taken to Mexico City Killed by a guard

Spanish Rule Ends in Texas Chapter 6 Section 3 End of Spanish Rule Spanish Rule Ends in Texas Chapter 6 Section 3

Texas at the End of Spain’s Rule September 1821 – Mexico gains independence from Spain Little growth San Antonio – largest town with ↑ 2,000 people Goliad - ↑ 1200 people Nacogdoches - ↑ 500 people at one time but now mainly abandoned

Spanish Neglect Unable to attract many Spanish settlers No gold or silver to lure fortune hunters Comforts of civilized societies in Mexico City No pressure to find new land Native American conflicts Not high on list of priorities

Spanish Legacy Mapped and explored Texas Spanish names – Amarillo, El Paso, Rio Grande, Matagorda Bay Language Laid out the 1st roads (El Camino Real – Royal Highway → Old San Antonio Road) Ranching practices, methods, and equipment Lariat, chaps, vaqueros (cowboys), and cattle drives Customs