Contraception

OBJECTIVES Identify and describe basic types of contraceptives; including abstinence. Identify personal considerations that will influence contraceptive decision making. Practice making contraceptive decisions in a variety of situations.

contraception Definition: The intentional prevention of conception through the use of various devices, sexual practices, chemicals, drugs, or surgical procedures.

Abstinence Methods Of birth control

ABSTINENCE SEX Description: Not having sex (oral, anal, vaginal) at all! Not engaging in any activity that puts you in contact with bodily fluids (blood, semen, vaginal fluids) Effectiveness: 100% for pregnancy and STD’s How do I obtain this? personal reasons make a choice and stick to it even if a personal has become active you can still decide to become abstinent again for any amount of time that is right for YOU! Possible side effects: No medical or hormonal side effects Some may find it difficult to abstain May end without being fully prepared Cost: FREE!!!!!!

WITHDRAWAL – Coitis Interruptus Description: Withdrawal penis from vagina before ejaculation Effectiveness: 81 – 96% ( 27 out of 100 women will become pregnant) How do I obtain this? Just do it Possible side effects: Sperm can live in pre-ejaculation! It does NOT protect against STD’s Stressful to rely on partner Cost: FREE

RHYTHM METHOD Description: Chart menstrual cycle, temperature, or cervical mucus Only have sex on ‘safe’ days Effectiveness: 75 – 99% (25 out of 100 women will become pregnant) How do I obtain this? Fertility Awareness Methods Professional teaches you Several months of charting before you can rely on this Possible side effects: teens have irregular periods Does NOT protect against STD’s Sperm can live in the vagina for days Cost: Free mostly, charge for classes and doctor

Chemical Methods Of birth control

The Pill Description: A pill composed of man-made hormones that stop the ovary from releasing the egg. NO EGG = NO PREGNANCY Increases cervical mucus to block sperm

The Pill 2 Effectiveness: 99% with PERFECT USE (Typically 8 out of 100 women will become pregnant) How do I obtain this? Prescription Possible side effects: Nausea, headaches, moodiness, irregular bleeding Cost: $15 – 35 a month PLUS doctor fees Other: Normal menstrual cycle still occurs Must be taken everyday Can be prescribed to help regulate period and reduce PMS

Injections Depro-Provera Description: Injections taken once every 3 months to prevent the release of an egg from the ovary Effectiveness: 97% (3 out of 100 women will become pregnant) How do I obtain this? Visit doctor every three months for shot

Injections 2 Weight gain, irregular periods, depression Possible Side Effects: Weight gain, irregular periods, depression No protection from STD’s Cost: $30 – 75 per shot plus doctor fee Other: Fertility can take 6 months to 2 years to return after last injection. Should not be used if you want to get pregnant in 1 – 2 years.

The Patch Description: Apply the patch to the upper torso, buttocks, abdomen, or arm. It last for 1 week. The fourth week – no patch while you’re having your period. The patch delivers continuous levels of hormones though the skin into the blood stream. no ovulation and thickens cervical mucus Effectiveness: No studies have yet been published thought to be more effective then the pill if used correctly How do I obtain this? Prescription

The Patch 2 Possible Side Effects: Local skin irritation or rash, vaginal spotting, nausea, headaches, or moodiness More regular, lighter, or shorter periods SMOKERS SHOULD NOT USE Does not protect against STD’s Cost: $30 – 35 a month plus doctor fees Other: You can swim, bathe, and exercise with it on! Shouldn’t use if you smoke!

The Norplant Description: Six small plastic rods that contain hormones are surgically placed under the skin of the upper arm. They slowly release hormones to prevent the ovary from releasing an egg. Effectiveness: 99% How do I obtain this? Doctor visit Takes 10 – 15 minutes

The Norplant 2 Change in period $600 - 800 plus doctor fees Possible Side Effects: Change in period Cost: $600 - 800 plus doctor fees Other: Lasts for 5 years – can be removed earlier Once removed fertility is restored

THE NORPLANT Some additional disadvantages would be the ability to see or feel the implant

The Ring – Nuva Ring Description: A flexible, transparent, 2 inch ring. Provided women with a month of protection. Inserted by girl in the vagina each month. Provides continuous flow of hormones to prevent pregnancy Remains for 21 days then removed and kept out for 7 days Effectiveness: No studies have yet been published thought to be more effective then the pill if used correctly figure about 8 out of a 100 women will become pregnant

The Nuva Ring 2 How do I obtain this? Prescription and office visit Possible Side Effects: The ring needs to be refrigerated to prolong life Nausea, headache, vaginal discomfort SMOKERS SHOULD NOT USE Does not protect against STD’s Cost: $30 – 35 a month plus doctor fees Other: Buy a new one each month

NUVA RING 3 Other information: To keep the product’s effectiveness, doctor’s recommend the ring be refrigerated when not used during the 7 days of a woman’s cycle.

Vaginal Contraceptive -VCF Description: A 2 x 2 film that comes 3 per envelope. A littler thicker than plastic wrap. Contains 100mg of spermicide. Fold one film over your fingertip and insert deep in the vagina covering the cervix. Dissolves within seconds. Insert 15 minutes beforehand – effective for 45 minutes. Effectiveness: 94% How do I obtain this? Pharmacies Drug stores Possible Side Effects: Vaginal irritation Does not protect against STD’s Cost: pack of 3 about $3.99

Spermicide Description: non-prescription & available in a variety of creams, film, foams, jellies, and suppositories. These products are inserted deep into the vagina before intercourse and immobilizes sperm — preventing it from joining with an egg. Effectiveness: 71 % regular use 85% perfect use How do I obtain this? family planning clinics, drugstores, and some supermarkets. Possible Side Effects: irritation of vagina or penis Messy and leak Cost: Applicator kits of foam and gel are about $8. Refills cost $4–$8.

Emergency Contraception “The Morning After Pill” Description: First used in the 1960’s for rape victims. Only used in emergency situations. Two pills of high dose birth control hormones are taken within 72 hours of unprotected sex. Then two more pills are taken 12 hours later. They stop the release of an egg, prevent fertilization, or prevent implantation. New reports say up to 120 hours (5 days) for 89% effectiveness The faster you act the greater it works Called Plan B Effectiveness: 94%

Emergency Contraceptive 2 How do I obtain this? Prescribed by health care professional Health clinics Possible Side Effects: Nausea, vomiting, headache Cost: $20 – 200 (average pill $55) Pills, exam, & pregnancy test Other: Its not fool proof – it only reduces risk of pregnancy by 75 -89% Increases risk for ectopic pregnancy

Mechanical Methods Of birth control

Condom Description: Unrolled and placed over an erect penis. It prevents semen from entering the vagina. The pocket at the end collects the semen. The tip of the condom must be held after intercourse so that the condom doesn’t slip off when the penis is withdrawn. Effectiveness: 85 – 99% Typical use 15 out of 100 will become pregnant Perfect use about 2 in 100 will become pregnant

Condom 2 Drug stores, supermarkets, online Easy to buy How do I obtain this? Drug stores, supermarkets, online Easy to buy Possible Side Effects: sensitivity to latex it can break or leak can not be used with oil based lubricants Cost: 35 cents - $1 Usually free at clinics Other: Can only be used once Look for latex, spermicide, nonoxyol9, and expiration date. Nonoxyol 9 offers some protection against STD’s

Female Condom Description: Made of polyurethane. Lines the inside of the vagina and covers the cervix. Prevents sperm from reaching the cervix. Effectiveness: 79 – 85% Typical use 21 out of 100 will become pregnant Perfect use about 5 in 100 will become pregnant

Female Condom 2 Drug stores, supermarkets, online Easy to buy How do I obtain this? Drug stores, supermarkets, online Easy to buy Possible Side Effects: sensitivity to latex it can break or leak can not be used with male condom irritate vagina Cost: $2 – 2.50 Usually free at clinics Other: Can be inserted up to 8 hours ahead of time, but need to be taken out right away after intercourse.

Diaphragm Description: A rubber cap that fits inside of the vagina and covers the cervix. Must be used with spermicide. Effectiveness: PERFECT USE – 98% Usually has – 82% failure rate is use How do I obtain this? Doctor Need pelvic exam for size

Diaphragm 2 sensitivity to latex bladder infections Cost: Possible Side Effects: sensitivity to latex bladder infections Cost: $30 – 50 plus spermicide, exam, and fitting. Other: Can be inserted up to 2 hours beforehand. Leave in place for 6 hours afterwards. Replace every two years.

Sponge Description: Soft sponge inserted in the vagina and covers the cervix. It contains 3 types of spermicide. Moistened with water and activates immediately. Offers protection for 24 hours. Effectiveness: 89 – 91% How do I obtain this? Pharmacies Online

Sponge 2 Allergy Irritation TSS (toxic shock syndrome) Possible Side Effects: Allergy Irritation TSS (toxic shock syndrome) Difficult to insert and remove Cost: $1.65 – 2.00

Intrauterine Device IUD Description: Small plastic or copper device treated with hormones. Two theories how it works: 1. causes uterus to inflame and prevents implantation 2. interferes with sperms ability to reach egg. Effectiveness: 95 – 99% How do I obtain this? Doctor 2 appointments

IUD 2 Does not protect against STD’s Possible Side Effects: Does not protect against STD’s Spotting, heavier periods, increased cramping Expel of IUD 2 – 10% expel IUD in 1st year Pelvic Inflammatory diseases Cost: $400 every 4 years, plus doctors visit and removal costs Other: Not recommended for young women or women who haven’t had children yet. If you become pregnant while the IUD is in the uterus – you have a 50% chance of having a miscarriage.

PERMANENT METHODS Of birth control

Vasectomy Description: Local painkiller. Two small cuts are made in the scrotum, the vas deferens are cut and sealed with heat so scar will grow to block. The cuts are then stitched closed. Effectiveness: 99% Less than 1 woman in 1,000 will become pregnant How do I obtain this? Doctor MINOR surgery

Vasectomy 2 Uncomfortable for 2 – 3 days Does not protect from STD’s Possible Side Effects: Uncomfortable for 2 – 3 days Does not protect from STD’s Takes 6 months for all sperm to be cleared Cost: $350 – 755 plus doctors visits

Tubal Ligation Description: A small cut is made near the belly button, the stomach is filled with gas, the fallopian tubes are cut and sealed. The cut is stitched closed. Effectiveness: 99% Less than 1 woman in 100 will become pregnant How do I obtain this? Doctor Surgery  can be done after childbirth

Tubal Ligation 2 Increased risk for ectopic pregnancy Possible Side Effects: Increased risk for ectopic pregnancy Can be reversed – its complicated, expensive, and might not work Does not protect from STD’s Several days of PAIN Internal infection Bleeding Anesthesia risk Cost: $1,200 – 2,500 plus doctors visits Other: Ovulation and menstrual cycle still occur You can get this done as early as 1 day after giving birth