Imperialism in Southeast Asia & the Pacific
Uncle Sam: One of the “Boys?”
European’s Colonize Southeast Asia Motives for imperialism in Southeast Asia: Raw Materials New Markets Christian Converts
The Dutch East Indies Dutch East India Company est. 1600s Coffee, Indigo, Spices
The British in Burma & Malaya Port of Singapore becomes important place middle-ground between trade with Asia & the British Empire
French Indochina At first in the region to win Christian converts Missionaries win some converts Vietnamese try to expel the Christians
The Union of French Indochina French are alarmed at British attempts to monopolize trade in SE Asia France invades Vietnam in 1858-Siezing a portion of Southern Vietnam 1880s, France extends its control over Cambodia, the rest of Vietnam (Annam & Tonkin) and Laos
Thailand the Exception The Kingdom of Siam survives Rulers did not underestimate European powers
King Mongkut King Chulalongkorn Able to prevent colonization by maintaining relationships with Europeans
Indirect Rule Local rulers were allowed to maintain the authority although they differed final authority to colonial powers Advantages Easier to access natural resources Kept cost of government down Maintained local culture Example: Dutch East Indies
Direct Rule Local leaders are replaced by officials from the occupying country Used when local elites resisted Examples: Great Britain & France
Resistance to Imperialism Europeans exploit SE Asians Low wages, horrible working conditions High taxes Resistance came from: Ruling class Peasants Western educated Nationalists
The United States Becomes an Imperial Power
Spanish Misrule in Cuba
Remember the Maine and to Hell with Spain! Funeral for Maine victims in Havana
The Spanish-American War (1898): Over Cuba’s attempts to win independence from Spain
The Philippines
Spain in the Philippines Catholic missionaries from Spain seized the Philippines in the 1500s Filipinos resist Spanish Catholic rule -viewed church as corrupt
The Spanish-American War (1898): U. S The Spanish-American War (1898): U.S. defeat Spanish fleet at Manila Bay
Commodore Dewey Captures Manila!
Filipino rebel leaders declare independence from Spain & help the US fight the Spanish In return they expect the Americans to recognize their independence The US give $20 million to Spain for control of the Philippines Debate raged within the US over imperialist expansion
Filipino Nationalists Renew their Fight Emilio Aguinaldo Efforts were eventually crushed Leader of the Filipino Uprising. July 4, 1946: Philippine independence
Our “Sphere of Influence”
The Treaty of Paris: 1898 Cuba was freed from Spanish rule. Spain gave up Puerto Rico and the island of Guam. The U. S. paid Spain $20 mil. for the Philippines. The U. S. becomes an imperial power!
The American Anti-Imperialist League Founded in 1899. Mark Twain, Andrew Carnegie, William James, and William Jennings Bryan among the leaders. Campaigned against the annexation of the Philippines and other acts of imperialism.
Social Darwinist Thinking The White Man’s Burden The Hierarchy of Race
Religious/Missionary Interests American Missionaries in China, 1905
Hawaii: "Crossroads of the Pacific"
U. S. Missionaries in Hawaii Imiola Church – first built in the late 1820s
U. S. View of Hawaiians Hawaii becomes a U. S. Protectorate in 1849 by virtue of economic treaties.
Hawaiian Queen Liliuokalani Hawaii for the Hawaiians!
U. S. Business Interests In Hawaii 1893 – American businessmen backed an uprising against Queen Liliuokalani. Sanford Ballard Dole proclaims the Republic of Hawaii in 1894.
Hawaiian Annexation Ceremony, 1898
Speak Softly, But Carry a Big Stick!
Constable of the World
America as a Pacific Power
What is America's New Role ?