LUNGS and TOBACCO

You breathe in and out anywhere from 15 to 25 times per minute without even thinking about it. The airways that bring air into the lungs (the trachea and bronchi) are made of smooth muscle and cartilage, allowing the airways to constrict and expand. When you inhale, the diaphragm and intercostal muscles (those are the muscles between your ribs) contract and expand the chest cavity

Trachea: A tube-like portion of the breathing or "respiratory" tract that connects the "voice box" (larynx) with the bronchial parts of the lungs.

Nicotine- an addictive drug found in tobacco leaves. –It is a stimulant-raises blood pressure, heart rate and contributes to heart disease and stroke. Carcinogen – a cancer causing substance –Tobacco smoke was classified as a carcinogen in 1992 –Cigarettes have 40 know carcinogens including cyanide, formaldehyde and arsenic

Tar and Carbon Monoxide Tar- a thick sticky dark fluid produced when tobacco burns –Because of its sticky consistency and the reduced ability of the smoker's lungs to expel impurities, that may remain in the lungs for long time. –Tar paralyzes the hair like structures called "cilia" inside the bronchial tubes. Cilia protect the lungs by sweeping out mucus, impurities, and germs. How do you think the lungs are affected if the cilia are out of order? How would you describe the effects of tar on the teeth?

Carbon Monoxide-colorless, odorless and poisonous gas. –It is taken up easier by the blood cells and eventually replaces oxygen in the blood thereby depriving the tissues and cells of oxygen. –Increases the risk of high blood pressure, heart disease and hardening of the arteries.

Pipes and Cigars They contain more nicotine and produce more tar and Carbon monoxide than cigarettes. One pipe/cigar is equal to a pack Have an increased risk of developing cancers of the lip, mouth and throat

Cancer Heart Disease and Stroke Respiratory Health Secondhand Smoke Smoking During Pregnancy

Cancer The risk of dying from lung cancer is more than 22 times higher among men who smoke cigarettes and about 12 times higher among women who smoke cigarettes compared with never smokers. Cigarette smoking increases the risk for many types of cancer, including cancers of the lip, oral cavity, pharynx, esophagus, pancreas, larynx (voice box), lung, uterine cervix, urinary bladder, and kidney. Rates of cancers are highest among African- American men.

Lung cancer is the No. 1 cancer-related killer in the United States

Heart Disease and Stroke Smoking causes coronary heart disease, the leading cause of death in the United States. Cigarette smokers are 2–4 times more likely to develop coronary heart disease than nonsmokers. Cigarette smoking approximately doubles a person’s risk for stroke. Cigarette smoking causes reduced circulation by narrowing the blood vessels (arteries). Smokers are more than 10 times as likely as nonsmokers to develop peripheral vascular disease. Smoking causes abdominal aortic aneurysm.

Respiratory Health Cigarette smoking is associated with a tenfold increase in the risk of dying from chronic obstructive lung disease. About 90% of all deaths from chronic obstructive lung diseases are attributable to cigarette smoking.

Smoking During Pregnancy Research has shown that smoking during pregnancy causes health problems for both mothers and babies, such as –Pregnancy complications –Premature birth –Low-birth-weight infants –Stillbirth –Sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS)

Smokeless Tobacco A tobacco that is sniffed through the nose, held in the mouth, or chewed. Contains nicotine and 28 known carcinogens Absorbed into the blood through the mucous membranes and the digestive tract.

Smokeless Tobacco Held in the mouth for a length of time…delivers both nicotine and carcinogens to the body at levels 2 to 3 times the amount delivered by a single cigarette –So people who chew 8 to 10 plugs of tobacco a day take in the same amount of nicotine as two pack a day smokers

Short Term Effects Changes in Brain Chemistry –The addictive nicotine causes the body to crave more of the drug. Withdrawal symptoms Increased respiration and heart rate –Breathing is more difficult –Nicotine can cause irregular heart beat Dulled taste buds and reduced appetite. Bad breath and smelly hair, clothes and skin

Long Term Chronic bronchitis Emphysema Lung Cancer Coronary heart disease and stroke

Legal Consequences –selling to anyone under 18 is illegal in all states. –Use of tobacco products on school property is prohibited Social Consequences –Second hand smoke Financial consequences

Choosing to Live Tobacco Free Smoking has gone down dramatically because people are understanding the health consequences. –Antismoking Campaigns-tobacco companies are restricted from advertising tobacco and are required to fund anti smoking campaigns –Financial Cost- –Societal pressures- –Family influence