High and Late Middle Ages
Where it begins… -Feudalism is the way of life -Church & Nobles have a great deal of the power -Monarchs will attempt to take power back
Who’s Next -King Edward dies -Harold vs. Duke William -Duke has Pope’s support -Invasion of England
William The Conqueror -Monitors Castles -Allegiance of Vassals -Census- Domesday -Had to follow Customs -Jury System -William vs. Church -Thomas Beckett- Archbishop of Canterbury -Trend?
King John -Son of Henry -Faced Phillip II of France, Pope Innocent III, and his own nobles -Lost to Phillip, Lost Anjou & Normandy -Lost to Pope- excommunicated -Lost to Nobles- Magna Carta
Magna Carta -Rebellious Barons -Affirmed Feudal Rights -Legal rights- People/Church -Due Process & Habeas Corpus -Monarchy must obey law -Council before taxation
Parliament -Evolved from councils -Unified England, How? -House of Nobles & House of Commons -Check’s who?
Successful Monarchy of France 987- Capetians take throne Unbroken for 300 years Effective Bureacracy Taxes & Law Gained Middle class backing
Phillip II -Granted Charters -Standing Army -National Tax -Gained English lands in Anjou & Normandy -At time of death, most powerful ruler
Philip IV -Ruthlessly extends royal power -Attempts taxes from clergy -Ignored rules and arrested clergy that did not pay -Clashed with Boniface VIII -Sends troops to seize Pope- dies -Papalcy moved to Avignon France- why?
Louis IX -King & Saint -Justice & Chivalry -2 Wars against Muslims, persecuted Jews & Heretics -Royal Courts -Officials to check on officials -Outlawed private wars-ends serfdom- significance?
Estates General -Reps from 3 classes- clergy, nobles, townspeople -Difference from Parliament?
Holy Roman Empire -After death what happened? -Duke Otto I - King of Germany -What is Germany? -Central & eastern Europe, parts of France & Italy -Bishops appointed to government -Helps Pope against rebellious nobles -Crowned- HRE -Emperors chose bishops, issue?
Pope vs. HRE -Pope Gregory VII -Wants to separate from secular rulers -Banned Lay Investiture -Emperor Henry IV -Henry is exiled, Forgiven before new HRE -Henry invades Rome, exiles Pope Concordat of Worms- Church picks Bishops
Struggle for Italy -Frederick Barbarossa- tried for Northern Italy, defeated by the pope and Lombard League -Fredrick II- Clashed with Popes -HRE- fragmented in feudal states -Southern Italy & Sicily- upheaval -Spain, France, & Pope try to gain influence
Height of Church Power -Innocent III - Claimed Papal Supremacy -Launched Crusade against French that wanted to purify church -Monarchs begin to centralize power, clash over clergy taxation -Phillip- helps get Pope elected, power of papacy declines
Crusades Causes? Effects? Motives?
Crusades -Holy Land -Pope Urban II -Crusades on Europe -Economic expansion -Increased Power of Monarchs -The Church -Wider World View
Reconquista in Spain -Expel Muslims Christians Control much of Iberian Peninsula except for Granada
Ferdinand and Isabella -Drove Muslims from Granada- Spain unified -Under Muslims- Religious toleration -Isabella Ends toleration -Started the Inquisition
Inquisition & Impact
Literature, Learning & Arts
Education -Academic Guilds -Student Life -Women and Education
Europeans Acquire New Learning -Spread of Learning- Muslims -Philosophy -Science & Math
Medieval Literature -Epics/Long narratives -Dante’s Divine Comedy -Chaucer’s Canterbury Tales
Architecure & Art -Romanesque -Gothic -Illuminated Manuscripts
Romanesque
Gothic
Illuminated Manuscripts
Black Death
Post-Plague Church -Many died during the plague -Tough spiritual church -Luxury- for Pope in Avignon -Caused a schism , ended with new pope from church council
Hundred Years’ War -English vs. France -Longbow helped Britain. -Joan of Arc rallies France -French have cannon -Kings expand power -Parliament will have more power as well
Ready to Change -Renaissance, Reformation, Age of Exploration